Jurnal pangan nasional "terakreditasi" Kemeristekdikti dari Indonesian Food Technologists® - IFT
skip to main content

Peran Beberapa Galur Rhizopus microsporus yang Berasal dari “laru tradisional” dalam Menentukan Kualitas Tempe

*Tati Barus  -  Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
Fransiska Maya  -  Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
Anastasia Tatik Hartanti  -  Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

Kualitas tempe ditentukan oleh mikroorganisme yang berperan selama proses fermentasi berlangsung. Mikroorganisme utama dalam fermentasi tempe adalah Rhizopus spp. yang sekarang umumnya berasal dari salah satu jenis laru komersial. Akibatnya, keragaman Rhizopus spp. yang digunakan pada fermentasi tempe mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang peran beberapa galur R. microsporus yang berasal dari “laru tradisional” dalam menentukan kualitas tempe. Tempe diproduksi menggunakan R. microsporus TB 23 (Tempe TB 23), R. microsporus TB 32 (Tempe TB 32), R. microsporus TB 51 (Tempe TB 51), R. microsporus TB 55 (Tempe TB 55) dan tempe menggunakan laru komersial (Tempe K). Kualitas tempe ditentukan melalui pengukuran tekstur, warna, cita rasa, aktivitas antioksidan, dan komposisi kimia (kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kadar serat kasar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekstur, warna, dan cita rasa Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, dan Tempe TB 55 sama dengan Tempe K. Demikian juga komposisi kimia Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, dan Tempe TB 55 hampir sama dengan Tempe K.  Namun aktivitas antioksidan ketiga jenis tempe tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Tempe K. Tekstur, warna, dan komposisi kimia Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, dan Tempe TB 55 bersama dengan Tempe K memenuhi syarat mutu tempe yang ditetapkan di Indonesia, yaitu yang tertera pada SNI 3144:2015. Oleh karena itu kesimpulannya adalah R. microsporus TB 23, R. microsporus TB 32, dan R. microsporus TB 55 memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai laru komersial untuk fermentasi tempe.

The Role of Some Strains of Rhizopus microsporus Originating from “laru tradisional” in Determining Tempe Quality 

Abstract

The quality of tempe was determined by involved microorganisms. The main microorganism in tempe fermentation is Rhizopus spp. which now generally comes from one type of commercial laru. As a result, the diversity of Rhizopus spp. in tempe has decreased. Therefore, this study aims to obtain information about the role of several strains of R. microsporus originating from "laru tradisional" in determining the quality of tempe. Tempe was produced using R. microsporus TB 23 (Tempe TB 23), R. microsporus TB 32 (Tempe TB 32), R. microsporus TB 51 (Tempe TB 51), R. microsporus TB 55 (Tempe TB 55), and tempe using commercial laru (Tempe K). The quality of tempeh was determined through measurements of texture, color, taste, antioxidant activity, and chemical composition (moisture content, fat content, protein content, and crude fiber content). The results showed that texture, color and taste of Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, Tempe TB 55 were similar as compared to Tempe K. The antioxidant activity of the three types of tempe was higher than Tempe K. The chemical composition of the three types of tempeh was almost similar compared to Tempe K. Texture, color and chemical composition of Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, Tempe TB 55 and Tempe K has fulfilled the quality requirements of tempe in Indonesia, which were listed in SNI 3144: 2015. Therefore, R. microsporus TB 23, R. microsporus TB 32 and R. microsporus TB 55 may be developed as commercial inoculums for tempe fermentation.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Rhizopus; tempe; quality, laru, traditional, commercial, kualitas, tempe, tradisional

Article Metrics:

  1. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 2012. Official Methods of Analysis, 19th Edition. Arlington
  2. Ayu, E., Suwanto, A., Barus, T. 2014. Klebsiella pneumoniae from Indonesian tempeh were genetically different from that of pathogenic isolates. Microbiology Indonesia 8(1):9 –15. DOI: 10.5454/mi.8.1.2
  3. Barus, T., Hanjaya, I., Sadeli, J., Lay, B.W., Suwanto, A., Yulandi, A. 2013. Genetic diversity of Klebsiella spp. isolated from tempe based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 20(4):171-176. DOI: 10.4308/hjb.20.4.171
  4. Barus, T., Suwanto, A., Wahyudi, A.T., Wijaya, H. 2008. Role of bacteria in tempe bitter taste formation: microbiological and molecular biological analysis based on 16S rRNA gene. Microbiology Indonesia 2(1):17-21. DOI: 10.5454/mi.2.1.4
  5. Barus T., Wati, L., Melani, Suwanto, A., Yogiara. 2017. Diversity of pProtease-pProducing Bacillus spp. From Fresh Indonesian tTempeh bBased on 16S rRNA gGene sSequence. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 24(1):35-40. DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.hjb.2017.05.001.
  6. Bavia, A.C.F., Silvia, C.E., Ferreira, M.P., Leite, R.S., Mandarino, J.M.G., Carrao-Panizzi, M.C. 2012. Chemical composition of tempeh from soybean cultivars specially developed for human consumption. Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos 32(3):613-620. DOI: 10.1590/S0101-20612012005000085
  7. Endrawati, D., Kusumaningtyas, E. 2017. Beberapa fungsi Rhizopus sp dalam meningkatkan nilai nutrisi bahan pakan. WARTAZOA 27(2):081-088. DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v27i2.1181
  8. Ferreira, M.P., Oliveria, M.C.N., Mandarino, J.M.G., Silva, J.B., Ida, E.I., Panizzi, M.C.C. 2011. Changes in the isoflavone profile and in the chemical composition of tempeh during processing and refrigeration. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 46(11):1555-1561. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2011001100018
  9. Fiedor, J., Burda, K. 2014. Potential role of carotenoids as antioxidants in human health and disease. Nutrients 6(2):466:468. DOI: 10.3390/nu6020466
  10. Hartanti, A.T., Rahayu, G., Hidayat, I. 2015. Rhizopus species from fresh tempeh collected from several regions in Indonesia. HAYATI 22(3):136-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2015.10.004
  11. Hernández-Ledesa, B., Hsieh, C-C., O. de Lumen, Ben. 2009. Lunasin and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) in US commercial soy foods. Food Chemistry 115(2):574-580. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.054
  12. Krisch, J., Papp, T., Tako, M.,
  13. Vágvölgyi, C. 2010. Characteristics and potential use of β-glucosidases from Zygomycetes. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology 891–896
  14. Omosebi, M.O., Otunola, E.T. 2013. Preliminary studies on tempeh flour produced from three different Rhizopus species. International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Science 1(5):90-96
  15. Pabesak, R.V., Dewi, L., Lestario, L.N. 2013. Aktivitas antioksidan dan fenolik total pada tempe dengan penambahan biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata ex Poir). Di dalam: Seminar Nasional X Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS. Surakarta, 6 Juli 2013. Hlm 1-7
  16. Polyorach, S., Wanapat, M., Poungchompu, O., Cherdthong, A., Gunun, P., Gunun, N., Kang, S. 2018. Effect of fermentation using different microorganisms on nutritive values of fresh and dry cassava root. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 13(2):128-135. DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2018.128.135
  17. Puteri, M.D.P.T.G., Hassanein, T.R., Prabawati, E.K., Wijaya, C.H., Mutukumira, A.N. 2015. Sensory characteristics of seasoning powders from overripe tempeh, a solid state fermented soybean. Procedia Chemistry 14(2015):263-269. DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.037
  18. Radiati, A., Sumarto. 2016. Analisis sifat fisik, sifat organoleptik, dan kandungan gizi pada produk tempe dari kacang non-kedelai. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 5(1):16-22. DOI: 10.17728/jatp.v5i1.32
  19. SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) 3144-2015. 2015. Tempe Kedelai. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Jakarta
  20. Sudaryatiningsih, C., Supyani. 2009. Linoleic and linolenic acids analysis of soybean tofu with Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus as coagulant. Nusantara Bioscience 1(3):110-116. DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n010302
  21. Susilowati, A., Maryati, Y., Lotulung, P.D.N., Aspiyanto. 2018. Formulasi nikstamal jagung, tempe, dan sayuran terfermentasi dalam perolehan pasta fortifikan sebagai sumber asam folat alami. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 5(7): 68-74. DOI: 10.17728/jatp.2517
  22. Widoyo, S., Handajani, S., Nandariyah. 2015. Pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap kadar serat kasar dan aktivitas antioksidan tempe beberapa varietas kedelai. Biofarmasi 13(2): 59-65. DOI: 10.13057/biofar/f130203
  23. Witono, Y., Widjanarko, S.B., Mujianto, Rachmawati. 2015. Amino acids identification of over fermented tempeh, the hydrolysate and the seasoning product hydrolysed by calotropin from crown flower (Calotropis gigantea). International Journal on Advance Science Engineering Information Technology 5(2):103-106. DOI: 10.18517/ijaseit.5.2.494

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.