Jurnal pangan nasional "terakreditasi" Kemeristekdikti dari Indonesian Food Technologists® - IFT
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Efektifitas Frekuensi Ekstraksi Serta Pengaruh Suhu dan Cahaya Terhadap Antosianin dan Daya Antioksidan Ekstrak Kelopak Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

*Suharyani Amperawati  -  Program Studi Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perkebunan, Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian, Politeknik Negeri Pontianak, Pontianak, Indonesia
Pudji Hastuti  -  Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Yudi Pranoto  -  Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Umar Santoso  -  Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dan kadar antosianin ekstrak kelopak rosela dari perlakuan ekstraksi dengan maserasi pada beberapa kali ekstraksi, serta mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan pemaparan cahaya selama penyimpanan terhadap kadar antosianin dan daya antioksidan. Ekstraksi kelopak rosela dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali dengan metode maserasi. Pengaruh penyimpanan dengan suhu 30, 40, 50, 60 dan 70oC selama 7, 14, 21, 28, dan 35 hari. Pemaparan cahaya dilakukan dengan 1478, 2835, dan 3940 lux dan sebagai pembanding digunakan perlakuan tanpa pencahayaan selama 1 sampai dengan 10 hari. Parameter untuk ektraksi meliputi kadar antosianin, warna (L*, a*, b*, ΔE), dan total padatan terlarut. Parameter penyimpanan meliputi kadar antosianin dan daya antioksidan metode radical scavenging (DPPH). Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi ke 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kali menunjukkan kadar antosianin masing-masing 608, 218, 64, dan 32 mg/l; nilai L* sebesar 29,07; 32,27; 36,19; dan 45,27; nilai a* sebesar 10,42; 16,33; 21,90 dan 15,63; dan b* adalah 1,36; 4,56; 8,33; dan 5,86; ΔE adalah 1,31; 7,53; 15,29; dan 18,06.  Ekstraksi lebih baik dilakukan 2 kali, sedangkan ekstraksi yang ke-3 dan 4 menghasilkan kadar antosianin yang relatif kecil. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa makin tinggi suhu dan lama penyimpanan menyebabkan kandungan antosianin dan kapasitas antioksidan makin menurun, demikian pula makin tinggi intensitas cahaya menyebabkan makin menurunnya kadar antosianin dan kemampuan antioksidannya. Kesimpulannya, berdasarkan semua parameter yang diukur maka ekstraksi dapat dilakukan sampai dengan 2 kali dan guna menjaga antosianin dan antioksidannya, maka sebaiknya disimpan dalam ruang dingin dan terhindar dari cahaya matahari.

Kata kunci : rosela, ekstraksi, suhu, cahaya, antioksidan

Extraction Frequency Effectiveness and Effect of Temperature and Light on Anthocyanin and Antioxidant Capacity of Rosella Petal Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Abstract

         This study aims to determine the quality and levels of anthocyanin roselle petal extract from extraction treatment with maceration frequency and to determine the effect of temperature and light exposure during storage on anthocyanin levels and antioxidant activity. Roselle petal extraction was carried out 4 times with maceration method. Storage condition were set up at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70oC for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Light exposure was conducted using 1478, 2835, and 3940 lux and as a comparison, the extract was kept without light from 1 to 10 days. The parameters for extraction were anthocyanin, color levels (L*, a*, b*, ΔE), and total soluble solids. Storage parameters were anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of the radical scavenging (DPPH) method. The results of anthocyanin levels of extraction 1, 2, 3, and 4 times were 608, 218, 64, and 32 mg/L; 29.07, 32.27, 36.19, and 45.27 for L*, 10.42, 16.33, 21.90 and 15.63 for a* value, 1.36, 4.56, 8.33, and 5.86 for b* value, 1,31; 7,53; 15,29; and 18,06 for ΔE, respectively. Twice extraction was provide much better result for total anthocyanin, while 3rd and 4th extractions produced relatively small level of anthocyanin. The results also showed that the higher temperature and storage time, the decrease in anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity. The higher intensity of the light caused reduction of anthocyanin content and its antioxidant activity. As conclusion, roselle extract might be conducted for two times. The storage was also suggested at low temperatures and low exposure light to keep its anthocyanin and antioxidant.

Keywords: rosella, extraction, temperature, light, antioxidant

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Keywords: rosella; ekstraksi; suhu; cahaya; antioksidan; rosella; extraction; temperature; light; antioxidant

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