DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v8i2.14427

The Effect of Tempeh gembus on Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Levels in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

1Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

2Departement of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Received: 2 Jun 2022; Revised: 17 Jul 2022; Accepted: 19 Aug 2021; Available online: 31 Aug 2022; Published: 31 Aug 2022.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: High level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and low level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are markers of oxidative stress and indicate enhance metabolic syndrome. Tempeh gembus is a food that has antioxidant properties which can decreased MDA concentration and increased SOD enzyme activity.

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Tempeh gembus on plasma MDA and serum SOD enzyme levels in metabolic syndrome rats.

Methods: A post-test only experimental design was used in which 25 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 equal groups of 2 control groups (K- and K+) and 3 treatment groups (P1, P2, P3). Metabolic syndrome was induced in the K+ control and the 3 treatment groups. Tempeh gembus were given for 4 weeks with the doses of 2.5g (P1), 5g (P2), and 7.5g (P3). Plasma MDA levels were measured by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) method and serum SOD enzyme levels were measured by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The statistical analysis used One Way Anova test.

Results: Tempeh gembus significantly decreased plasma MDA levels of metabolic syndrome rats (P=0.000) but had no significant effect on serum SOD enzyme levels in each treatment group (P=0.449).

Conclusion: The dose of 7.5g Tempeh gembus was the most effective dose in reducing the plasma MDA level. Tempeh gembus in the 3 treatment doses significantly decreased plasma MDA levels but had no significant effect on serum SOD enzyme levels.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Research Instrument
Untitled
Subject
Type Research Instrument
  Download (48KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: malondialdehyde; metabolic syndrome; superoxide dismutase; tempeh gembus
Funding: Diponegoro University

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
The Effect of Tempeh gembus on Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Levels in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Elevated levels of serum glucose, triglyceride, and liver enzymes in a rat model of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced carcinogenesis The Effects of Exercise on Spleen Fibrosis and Macrophage Number in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rat Model Comparison of Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) and Testosterone Enanthate (TE) with Combination of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) on Spermatogenic Cells in Men More recent articles
  1. Shin JA, Lee JH, Lim SY, Ha HS, Kwon HS, Park YM, et al. Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes, and its clinical interpretations and usefulness. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2013;4(4):334–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12075
  2. Kaur J. A Comprehensive Review on Metabolic Syndrome. Cardiology Research and Practice. 2019;2019(5):1–1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4301528
  3. Sulistyaningsih I, Afifah DN, Juniarto AZ, Anjani G, Rustanti N. The effect of tempe gembus on high-sensitivity c-reactive protein and adiponectine levels in rats with metabolic syndrome. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2020;66:S51–5. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.66.S51
  4. Pulungan AB, Marzuki ANS, Julia M, Rosalina I, Damayanti W, Yanuarso PB, et al. Diagnosis and management of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Vol. 1, Indonesian Pediatrician Association(IDAI). 2014. 35 p
  5. Avelar TMT, Storch AS, Castro LA, Azevedo GVMM, Ferraz L, Lopes PF. Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome: Which mechanisms are involved? Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial. 2015;51(4):231–9. https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20150039
  6. El-Aal HAHMA. Lipid Peroxidation End-Products as a Key of Oxidative Stress: Effect of Antioxidant on Their Production and Transfer of Free Radicals. INTECH. 2012;63–83. https://doi.org/10.5772/45944
  7. Afifah DN, Sulchan M, Syah D, Yanti, Suhartono MT. The use of red oncom powder as potential production media for fibrinogenolytic protease derived from Bacillus Licheniformis RO3. Procedia Food Science. 2015;3:453–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.050
  8. Damanik RNS, Pratiwi DYW, Widyastuti N, Rustanti N, Anjani G, Afifah DN. Nutritional composition changes during Tempeh Gembus processing. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018;116(1):012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/116/1/012026
  9. Nadia FS, Wati DA, Isnawati M, Sulchan M, Afifah DN. The effect of processed tempeh gembus to triglycerides levels and insulin resistance status in women with obesity. Food Research. 2020;4(4):1000–10. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(4).415
  10. Dewi PK, Afifah DN, Rustanti N, Sulchan M, Anjani G. The effect of tempeh gembus variations to serum levels of high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum levels of fibrinogen of sprague dawley rats with aterogenic diet. Romanian Journal of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2018;25(1):91–7. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0010
  11. Kurniasari R, Sulchan M, Afifah DN, Anjani G, Rustanti N. Influence variation of tempe gembus (an Indonesian fermented food) on homocysteine and malondialdehyde of rats fed an atherogenic diet. Romanian Journal of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2017;24(3):203–11. https://doi.org/10.1515/rjdnmd-2017-0026
  12. Afifah DN, Sulchan M, Syah D, Yanti, Suhartono MT. Isolation and identification of fibrinolytic protease-producing microorganisms from Red Oncom and Gembus, Indonesian fermented soybean cakes. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology. 2014;10(4):273–9. https://doi.org/10.21161/mjm.61914
  13. Afifah DN, Sulchan M, Syah D, Yanti, Suhartono MT, Kim JH. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus pumilus 2.g isolated from gembus, an Indonesian fermented food. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science. 2014;19(3):213–9. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.213
  14. Afifah DN, Rustanti N, Anjani G, Syah D, Yanti, Suhartono MT. Proteomics study of extracellular fibrinolytic proteases from Bacillus licheniformis RO3 and Bacillus pumilus 2.g isolated from Indonesian fermented food. IOP Conf Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2017;55(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001
  15. Noviana A, Dieny FF, Rustanti N, Anjani G, Afifah DN. Antimicrobial activity of tempeh gembus hydrolyzate. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018;116(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/116/1/012044
  16. Agustina RK, Dieny FF, Rustanti N, Anjani G, Afifah DN. Antioxidant activity and soluble protein content of tempeh gembus hydrolysate. Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018;67(Special issue):1–7
  17. Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Motamed-Gorji N, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, et al. Association of alanine aminotransferase concentration with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 2018;136(6):511–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0161161118
  18. Chitisankul WT, Murakami M, Tsukamoto C, Shimada K. Effects of long-term soaking on nutraceutical and taste characteristic components in Thai soybeans. Lwt - Food Science and Technology. 2019;115:108432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108432
  19. Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, et al. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2021;0(0):1–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054
  20. Kubant R, Poon AN, Sánchez-Hernández D, Domenichiello AF, Huot PSP, Pannia E, et al. A comparison of effects of lard and hydrogenated vegetable shortening on the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Nutrition and Diabetes. 2015;5(November):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2015.40
  21. Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Perspective: A historical and scientific perspective of sugar and its relation with obesity and diabetes. Advances in Nutrition. 2017;8(3):412–22. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.014654
  22. Pereira RM, Botezelli JD, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Mekary RA, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, et al. Fructose consumption in the development of obesity and the effects of different protocols of physical exercise on the hepatic metabolism. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040405
  23. Malafaia AB, Nassif PAN, Ribas CAPM, Ariede BL, Sue KN, Cruz MA. Obesity induction with high fat sucrose in rats. Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery. 2013;26(1):17–21. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-67202013000600005
  24. Lai M, Chandrasekera PC, Barnard ND. You are what you eat, or are you? the challenges of translating high-fat-fed rodents to human obesity and diabetes. Nutrition and Diabetes. 2014;4(9):e135-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2014.30
  25. Cyntia N, Probosari E. Effect of green bean extract (Phaseolus radiatus) on LDL cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rat serum. Journal of Nutrition College. 2013;2(4):585–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2014.30
  26. Isdadiyanto S, Mardiati SM, Sitasiwi AJ. Levels of apoprotein A and apoprotein B blood serum of white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced high-fat ration after giving neem leaf ethanol extract (Azadirachta indica). Anatomy and Physiology Bulletin. 2021;6(1)
  27. Amalia R, Noer ER, Muniroh M, Afifah DN, Kumoro AC. The effect of fibre intervention on serum and faecal short-chain fatty acids in human with overweight or obesity : A systematic review of human intervention studies. Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research. 2022;8(1):7. https://doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v1i1.14095
  28. Hadrévi J, Søgaard K, Christensen JR. Dietary fiber intake among normal-weight and overweight female health care workers: An exploratory nested case-control study within FINALE-Health. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2017;2017(6):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1096015
  29. Hervik AK, Svihus B. The role of fiber in energy balance. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2019;2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4983657
  30. Wang S, Wang Y, Pan MH, Ho CT. Anti-obesity molecular mechanism of soy isoflavones: Weaving the way to new therapeutic routes. Food and Function. 2017;8(11):3831–46. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo01094j
  31. Chang H, Lin HC, Chang YA. Development of the Research in Isoflavones. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2012;24:3309–13
  32. Sheih IC, Fang TJ, Wu TK, Chen RY. Effects of fermentation on antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition of soy germ. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2014;94(15):3163–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6666
  33. Harun I, Susanto H, Rosidi A. The tempe giving decrease malondialdehyde [MDA] level and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase enzyme [SOD] on rats with high physical activities. Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Food. 2017;12(November):211–6. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.211-216
  34. Roghani M, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Jalali-Nadoushan MR, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Naderi G, Roghani-Dehkordi F, et al. Chronic Administration of Daidzein, a Soybean Isoflavone, Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2013;27. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4699
  35. Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W, Siriwong W. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2013;3(5):1–8
  36. Hashem NM, Abo-elsoud MA, Nour El-Din ANM, Kamel KI, Hassan GA. Prolonged exposure of dietary phytoestrogens on semen characteristics and reproductive performance of rabbit bucks. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2018;64:84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.03.003
  37. Abo-elsoud MA, Hashem NM, Nour El-Din ANM, Kamel KI, Hassan GA. Soybean isoflavone affects in rabbits: Effects on metabolism, antioxidant capacity, hormonal balance and reproductive performance. Animal Reproduction Science. 2019;203:52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.02.007
  38. Bintari SH, Widianti T, Nugraheni K. The effects of isoflavone on antioxidant status in the serum of rats DMBA-Induced breast cancer and treated with tempe. Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life2015. 2015;
  39. Yoon GA, Park S. Antioxidant action of soy isoflavones on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in exercised rats. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2014;8(6):618–24. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.618
  40. Ganjifrockwala F, Joseph J, George G. Serum total superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy in Mthatha region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Biomedical Research (India). 2017;28(2):532–8
  41. Ngestiningsih D, Rahayu RA, Batubara L. Effect of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol in the Elderly. Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research. 2019;5(2):29–33. https://doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v5i2.4679

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.