skip to main content

A critical role of the explorative relational capability to enhance business performance: Empirical study in the Indonesia fashion industry

1Department of Management, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Indonesia

2Department of Management, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, Indonesia

3Department of Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Ciputra Makassar, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2022 Diponegoro International Journal of Business under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract
A recent study proposes the concept of explorative relational capability (ERC) and examines ERC's importance in improving business performance. This study used 218 respondents. The research respondents were owners or managers of SMEs in the furniture industry. The analysis used is structural equation modeling. After developing the concept of explorative relational capability, this study examines its effects on product innovation, advantages of new value creation, and business performance. The results show that ERC can improve product innovation, the advantages of new value creation, and business performance in the fashion industry. Other results show that ERC can mediate the gap between entrepreneurial orientation-business performance. This research contribution is aimed at a resource-based view (RBV). Companies must have resources that can provide new solutions, develop new perspectives, and create creative ideas to drive maximum business performance
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation; explorative relational capability; product innovation; advantages of new value creation; business performance

Article Metrics:

  1. Ancona, D. G., Okhuysen, G. A., & Perlow, L. A. (2001). Taking time to integrate temporal research. Academy of Management Review, 26(4), 512-529. doi: 10.2307/3560239
  2. Andersén, J. (2010). Resource-based competitiveness: managerial implications of the resource-based view. Strategic Direction, 26(5), 3-5. doi: 10.1108/02580541011035375
  3. Ardyan, E. (2016). Market sensing capability and SMEs performance: The mediating role of product innovativeness success. DLSU Business and Economics Review, 25(2), 1-18
  4. Ardyan, E., Rahmawan, G., & Isstianto, S. (2016). Building entrepreneurial networking quality to improve the success of innovation and Batik SMEs performance. International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development, 8(4), 37-54. doi: 10.4018/IJSKD.2016100103
  5. Aryanto, V. D. W., & Setiawan, M. B. (2018). Mediating effect of value creation in the relationship between relational capabilities on business performance. Contaduría y administración, 63(1), 0-0
  6. Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Technology in Society, 66. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635
  7. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02723327
  8. Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(3), 421-458. doi: 10.2307/2393203
  9. Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M. (2009). The complementary effects of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on profitability in small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 443-464
  10. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. doi: 10.1177/014920639101700108
  11. Berghman, L., Matthyssens, P., & Vandenbempt, K. (2006). Building competences for new customer value creation: An exploratory study. Industrial marketing Management, 35(8), 961-973. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2006.04.006
  12. Bianchi Martini, S., Corvino, A., Doni, F., & Rigolini, A. (2016). Relational capital disclosure, corporate reporting and company performance: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(2), 186-217
  13. Bontis, N. (2002). Managing Organizational Knowledge by Diagnosing Intellectual Capital. In C. W. Choo & N. Bontis (Eds.), The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge (pp. 621-642). New York: Oxford University Press
  14. Branderburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1996). Co-opetition. New York: Doubleday
  15. Bredvold, R., & Skalen, P. (2016). Lifestyle entrepreneur and their identitiy construction: A Study of the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 56, 96-105. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.023
  16. Carey, P. J. (2015). External accountants' business advice and SME performance. Pacific Accounting Review, 27(2), 166-188. doi: 10.1108/PAR-04-2013-0020
  17. Chang, C.-M. (2012). Verification of the effects of balance scorecard implementation on a company’s financial performance: Using Intellectual capital accumulation as the mediator. The Journal of Global Business Management, 8(2), 28-40
  18. Chatterjee, I., Shepherd, D. A., & Wincent, J. (2022). Women's entrepreneurship and well-being at the base of the pyramid. Journal of Business Venturing, 37(4). doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2022.106222
  19. Chen, M.-C., Cheng, S.-J., & Hwang, Y.-C. (2005). An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and firms' market value and financial performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 159-176. doi: 10.1108/14691930510592771
  20. Coombs, R., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2000). Organizing for innovation: co-ordinating distributed innovation capabilities. In N. J. Foss (Ed.), Competence, Governance and Entreprenerurship (pp. 209-231). Oxford: Oxford University Press
  21. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-902. doi: 10.1177/0149206305279602
  22. Cuthbertson, R. W., & Furseth, P. I. (2022). Digital services and competitive advantage: Strengthening the links between RBV, KBV, and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 152, 168-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.030
  23. Dyer, J. H., & Hatch, N. W. (2006). Relation-specific capabilities and barriers to knowledge transfers: creating advantage through network relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 27(8), 701-719. doi: 10.1002/smj.543
  24. Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679
  25. Eddleston, K. A., Ladge, J. J., Mitteness, C., & Balachandra, L. (2016). Do you See what I See? Signaling Effects of Gender and Firm Characteristics on Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures. 40(3), 489-514. doi: 10.1111/etap.12117
  26. Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 335-362
  27. Fadaei, M. (2013). The effect of intellectual apital on organization's financial performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(6), 275-286. doi: 10.17015/ejbe.2018.021.07
  28. Farida, N. (2021). Network capability, relational capability and Indonesian manufacturing SME performance: an empirical analysis of the mediating role of product innovation. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 13(1), 41-52
  29. Ferreira, J., Coelho, A., & Moutinho, L. (2018). Dynamic capabilities, creativity and innovation capability and their impact on competitive advantage and firm performance: The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Technovation, in Press. doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2018.11.004
  30. Ferrer, M., Hyland, P., & Bretherton, P. (2009). The role of relational capabilities in developing the capacity for supply chain innovation. Paper presented at the 7th ANZAM Operations, Supply Chain and Services Management Symposium, Adelaide, Australia
  31. Filion, L. J. (2021). Defining the entrepreneur World encyclopedia of entrepreneurship: Edward Elgar Publishing
  32. Foley, K. J., & Harmel, P. (2008). The Theories and Practices of Organization Excellence: New Perspectives. Sydney: SAI Global Limited
  33. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. doi: 10.1177/002224378101800104
  34. Gligor, D. M., Gölgeci, I., Newman, C., & Bozkurt, S. (2021). Performance implications of the buyer-supplier market orientation fit. Industrial marketing Management, 93(February), 161-173. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.01.010
  35. Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510. doi: 10.1086/228311
  36. Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203-215. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<203::AID-SMJ102>3.0.CO;2-K
  37. Hafeez, S., Chaudhry, R. M., Siddiqui, Z. U., & Rehman, K. U. (2011). The effect of market and entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance. Information Management and Business Review, 3(6), 389-395
  38. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7 ed.). New York: A Global Perspective
  39. Harjoto, M. A., Hoepner, A. G., & Li, Q. (2022). A stakeholder resource-based view of corporate social irresponsibility: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Research, 144, 830-843
  40. Hart, S., Tzokas, N., & Saren, M. (1999). The effectiveness of market information in enhancing new product success rate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2(1), 20-35. doi: 10.1108/14601069910248856
  41. Hebert, R. F., & Link, A. N. (2009). A history of entrepreneurship. London: Rouledge
  42. Helfat, C., Finkelstein, S., Mitchell, W., Peteraf, M., Singh, H., Teece, D. J., & Winter, S. (2007). Dynamic Capabilities: Understanding Strategic Change in Organizations. New York: Blackwell Publishing
  43. Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based research in entrepreneurship: A critical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 165-187. doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00081-2
  44. Hunt, R. A., Lerner, D. A., Johnson, S. L., Badal, S., & Freeman, M. A. (2022). Cracks in the wall: Entrepreneurial action theory and the weakening presumption of intended rationality. Journal of Business Venturing, 37(3), 106190
  45. Hunt, S. D., & Morgan, R. M. (1995). The comparative advantage theory of competition. Journal of Marketing, 59(2), 1-15. doi: 10.1177/002224299505900201
  46. Inkpen, A. C., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2005). Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. The Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146-165. doi: 10.2307/20159100
  47. Jayaraman, V., & Luo, Y. (2007). Creating competitive advantages through new value creation: A reverse logistics perspective. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(2), 56-73. doi: 10.5465/amp.2007.25356512
  48. Jennings, J. E., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the Broader Entrepreneurship Literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663-715. doi: 10.1080/19416520.2013.782190
  49. Kajalo, S., & Lindblom, A. (2015). Market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance among small retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 43(7), 580-596. doi: 10.1108/IJRDM-04-2014-0044
  50. Kale, P., Singh, H., & Perlmutter, H. (2000). Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: Building relational capital. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 217-237
  51. Katila, R., & Ahuja, G. (2002). Something old, something new: a longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1183-1194
  52. Keh, H. T., Nguyen, T. T. M., & Ng, H. P. (2007). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and marketing information on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 592-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.003
  53. Khalifa, A. S. (2004). Customer value: A review of recent literature and an integrative configuration. Management Decision, 42(5), 645-666. doi: 10.1108/00251740410538497
  54. Kirkwood, J. (2009). Is a lack of self‐confidence hindering women entrepreneurs? International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 118-133. doi: 10.1108/17566260910969670
  55. Ladge, J., Eddleston, K. A., & Sugiyama, K. (2019). Am I an entrepreneur? How imposter fears hinder women entrepreneurs’ business growth. Business Horizons, 62, 615-624. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.001
  56. Lähtinen, K., & Toppinen, A. (2008). Financial performance in Finnish large- and medium-sized sawmills: The effects of value-added creation and cost-efficiency seeking. Journal of Forest Economics, 14(4), 289-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jfe.2008.02.001
  57. Larson, A. (1992). Network dyds in entrepreneurial settings: A study of the governance of exchange relationship. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(1), 64-104. doi: 10.2307/2393534
  58. Larson, A., & Starr, J. A. (1993). A network model of organizational formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(2), 5-15. doi: 10.1177/104225879301700201
  59. Lev, B. (2001). Intangibles: Management, Measurement, and Reporting. Washington: Brookings Institute Press
  60. Levinthal, D. A., & March, J. G. (1993). The Myopia of Learning. Strategic Managment Journal, 14(S2), 95-112. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250141009
  61. Li, Y.-H., Huang, J.-W., & Tsai, M.-T. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: The role of knowledge creation process. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(4), 440-449. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.02.004
  62. Liao, C. C., Wang, H. Y., Chuang, S. H., Shih, M. L., & Liu, C. C. (2010). Enhancing knowledge management for R&D innovation and firm performance: An integrative view. African Journal of Business Management, 4(14), 3026-3038
  63. Lightfoot, H., & Gebauer, H. (2011). Exploring the alignment between service strategy and servce innovation. Journal of Service Management, 22(6), 664-683. doi: 10.1108/09564231111175004
  64. Manne, H. G. (2014). Resurrecting the ghostly entrepreneur. Review of Australian Economy, 27(3), 249-258. doi: 10.1007/s11138-014-0254-z
  65. March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87. doi: 10.1287/orsc.2.1.71
  66. Mayo, A. (2001). The Human Value of the Enterprise: Valuing People as Assets: Monitoring, Measuring, Managing. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing
  67. Minniti, M. (2010). Female entrepreneurship and economiv activity. European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 294-312. doi: 10.1057/ejdr.2010.18
  68. Möller, K., & Torronen, P. (2003). Business suppliers' value creation potential: A capability-based analysis. Industrial marketing Management, 32, 109-118
  69. Monteiro, A. P., Soares, A. M., & Rua, O. L. (2017). Linking intangible resources and export performance: The role of entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities. Baltic Journal of Management
  70. Monteiro, A. P., Soares, A. M., & Rua, O. L. (2019). Linking intangible resources and entrepreneurial orientation to export performance: The mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(3), 179-187
  71. Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38. doi: 10.1177/002224299405800302
  72. Narulo, R., & Hagedoorn, J. (1999). Innovating through strategic alliances: Moving towards international partnerships and contractual agreements. Technovation, 19(5), 283-294. doi: 10.1016/S0166-4972(98)00127-8
  73. Park, S., & Ungson, G. (2001). Inter-firm rivalry and managerial complexity: a conceptual framework of alliance failure. Organization Science, 12(1), 37-53
  74. Payne, A., & Frow, P. (2005). A strategic framework for customer relationship management. Journal of Marketing, 69(October), 167-176. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.167
  75. Powell, W. W. (1996). Trust-based forms of governance. In R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations. Frontiers of theory and research (pp. 51-67). Thousand Oaks: Sage
  76. Raddats, C. O., & Burton, J. (2014). Creating multi-vendor solutions: the resources and capabilities required. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 29(2), 132-142. doi: 10.1108/JBIM-04-2012-0061
  77. Rafiki, A., & Nasution, F. N. (2019). Business success factors of Muslim women entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 13(5), 584-604. doi: 10.1108/JEC-04-2019-0034
  78. Ramachandran, K., & Ramnarayan, S. (1993). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Networking: Some Indian Evidence. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(6), 523-524. doi: 10.1016/0883-9026(93)90036-5
  79. Randmaa, M. (2011). Introduction proactive thinking in value alliance concept. Paper presented at the Procceding of 10th International Symphosium, Parnu, Estonia
  80. Ravald, A., & Gronroos, C. (1996). The value concept and relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 30(2), 19-30. doi: 10.1108/03090569610106626
  81. Ritter, T., & Gemunden, H. G. (2003). Network competence: Its impact on innovation success and its antecedents. Journal of Business Research, 56(9), 745-755. doi: 10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00259-4
  82. Rodrigues-Diaz, M., & Espino-Rodrigues, T. F. (2006). Redesigning the supply chain: Reengineering, outsourching, and relational capability. Business Process Management Journal, 12(4), 483-502. doi: 10.1108/14637150610678087
  83. Romero, J., Lafont, J., Tafur, J., & Eguren, S. (2016). Performance and value creation at United Kingdom's airports using fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1422-1445. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.122
  84. Roxas, B., & Chadee, D. (2013). Effect of formal institution on the performance of the tourism sector in the Philippines: The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Tourism Management, 37, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.016
  85. Rua, O. L., & Santos, C. (2022). Linking brand and competitive advantage: The mediating effect of positioning and market orientation. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(2), 100194. doi: 10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100194
  86. Salonen, A. (2011). Service transition strategies of industrial manufacturers. Industrial marketing Management, 40(5), 683-690
  87. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, J., Cabanelas, P., Lampón, J. F., & González-Alvarado, T. E. (2018). The impact on competitiveness of customer value creation through relationship capabilities and marketing innovation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing
  88. Saputra, M. H., Kristyassari, B., Farida, N., & Ardyan, E. (2020). An Investigation of Green Product Innovation on Consumer Repurchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Green Customer Value. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 11(3 (43)), 622-633
  89. Schumpeter, J., A. (1934). Theory of economic development. Boston, MA.: Harvard University Press
  90. Sciascia, S., D'Oria, L., Bruni, M., & Larraneta, B. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation in low- and medium-tech industries: The need for absorptive capacity to increase performance. European Management Journal, 32(5), 761-769. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2013.12.007
  91. Shahab, Y., Chengang, Y., Arbizu, A., & Haider, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: Do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(2), 259-280. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-12-2017-0522
  92. Silvio, B. M., Antonio, C., Federica, D., & Alessandra, R. (2016). Relational capital disclosure, corporate reporting and company performance: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 17(2), 186-217. doi: doi:10.1108/JIC-07-2015-0065
  93. Slater, S. F. (1997). Developing a customer value-based theory of the firm. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 162-167. doi: 10.1007/BF02894352
  94. Smirnova, M., Naude, P., Henneberg, S. C., Mouzas, S., & Kouchtch, S. P. (2011). The impact of market orientation on the development of relational capabilities and performance outcomes: The case of Russian industrial firms. Industrial marketing Management, 40, 44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.09.009
  95. Soininen, J., Martikainen, M., Puumalainen, K., & Kylaheiko, K. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation: Growth and profitability of Finnish small and medium-sized enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(2), 614-621. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.05.029
  96. Storbacka, K. (2011). A solution business model: Capabilities and management practices for integrated solutions. Industrial marketing Management, 40(5), 699-711. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.05.003
  97. Sugiyarti, G., & Ardyan, E. (2017). Market sensing capability and product innovation advantages in emerging markets: The case of market entry quality and marketing performance of Batik Industry in Indonesia. DLSU Business and Economics Review, 27(1), 175-189
  98. Sullivan, U. Y., Peterson, R. M., & Krishnan, V. (2012). Value creation and firm sales performance: The mediating roles of strategic account management and relationship perception. Industrial marketing Management, 41(1), 166-173. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.11.019
  99. Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1319-1350. doi: 10.1002/smj.640
  100. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
  101. Theoharakis, V., Sajtos, L., & Hooley, G. (2009). The strategic role of relational capabilities in the business-to-business service profit chain. Industrial marketing Management, 38(8), 914-924. doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.04.006
  102. Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 464-476. doi: 10.5465/257085
  103. Tuli, K., Kohli, A., & Bharadwaj, S. (2007). Rethinking customer solutions: From product bundles to relational processes. Journal of Marketing, 71(3), 1-17. doi: 10.1509/jmkg.71.3.001
  104. Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D., & Thurik, R. (2002). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: Policies, institutions and culture. Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation, 27, 11-81. doi: 10.1007/0-306-47556-1_2
  105. Webster, F. E. (1992). The Changing Role of Marketing in the Corporation. Journal of Marketing, 56(4), 1-17. doi: 10.1177/002224299205600402
  106. Welbourne, T. M. (2008). Relational capital: Strategic advantage for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through negotiation and collaboration. Journal of Business and Economics, 18(5), 438-492. doi: 10.1007/s10726-008-9138-6
  107. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A Resource-based View of The Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250050207
  108. Wiklund, J. (1999). Sustainable of entrepreneurial orientation performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(1), 37-48. doi: 10.1177/104225879902400103
  109. Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13), 1307–1314. doi: 10.1002/smj.360
  110. Wu, F., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2006). Organizational learning, commitment, and joint value creation in interfirm relationships. Journal of Business Research, 59(1), 81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.03.005
  111. Yalcinkaya, G., Galantone, R. J., & Griffith, D. A. (2007). An examination of exploration and exploitation capabilities: Implications for product innovation and market performance. Journal of International Marketing, 15(4), 63-93. doi: 10.1509/jimk.15.4.63
  112. Yuen, K. F., Wang, X., Ma, F., Lee, G., & Li, X. (2019). Critical success factors of supply chain integration in container shipping: an application of resource-based view theory. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(6), 653-668
  113. Zahoor, N., & Gerged, A. M. (2021). Relational capital, environmental knowledge integration, and environmental performance of small and medium enterprises in emerging markets. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), 3789-3803
  114. Zeglat, D., & Zigan, K. (2014). Intellectual capital and its impact on business performance: Evidences from the Jordanian hotel industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(2), 83-100. doi: 10.1177/1467358413519468
  115. Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. e. (2012). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance: A role of network capabilities in China. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 2012. doi: 10.1108/1756139121124274

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

slot gacor slot