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ASSESSING COMMUTER PERCEPTIONS FOR LAST-MILE POLICY PROPOSALS: FACTS FROM GONDANGDIA STATION, JAKARTA

*Sherly Nandya Putri  -  Interdisciplinary Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Ova Candra Dewi  -  Interdisciplinary Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Jati Pratomo  -  Interdisciplinary Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Sherly Nandya Putri

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Abstract

Jakarta's high dependency on motorized transport and insufficient last-mile connectivity hinder sustainable mobility. This study aims to assess commuter responses to policy interventions promoting a shift from motorized to non-motorized transport for last-mile trips at Gondangdia Station. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the methodology operationalized three policy scenarios (low, medium, and high cost) derived from literature and stakeholder interviews, evaluated via questionnaires from 272 commuters. Results reveal that last-mile trips are dominated by ride-hailing services (50.37%). Perceived behavioral control contributed most strongly to intention (0.80–0.85). Although the high-cost scenario yielded the highest intention score (0.80), its marginal difference from the medium and low-cost scenarios (0.77) indicates that scaling up intervention costs alone is insufficient. Consequently, last-mile policies should prioritize practical improvements in infrastructure, safety, and accessibility. 

Keywords: Last-Mile Travel; Mode Shift; Non-Motorized Transport; Policy Intervention; Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

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Section: ARTICLES
Language : EN
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