DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.11.2.126-140

Mobilitas Penduduk dan Kualitas Udara saat Pandemi COVID-19: Studi kasus DKI Jakarta

*Purnama Alamsyah orcid  -  Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
Lukman Nul Hakim orcid scopus  -  Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat sejauh mana mobilitas penduduk berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan, khususnya kualitas udara. Para peneliti sebelumnya telah mempelajari dampak mobilitas penduduk dan kaitannya dengan ekonomi, pola penyebaran penyakit, dan psikologis.  Namun demikian masih sedikit yang meneliti bagaimana faktor lingkungan mempengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh mobilitas manusia. Bencana covid-19 secara kebetulan memberikan peluang bagi peneliti untuk mempelajari dengan kondisi yang sulit terulang, yaitu kondisi Kota Jakarta yang lebih lengang, dikarenakan mobilitas penduduk di Jakarta yang menurun drastis dikarenakan lockdown. Peneliti berusaha mempelajari fenomena tersebut menggunakan kerangka teori Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan mengkaji data mobilitas dari Google Mobility Index dan Rom tom Traffic index. Sementara sumber data respon publik diambil dari data cuitan di twitter yang diambil dari Twitter Archiving Google Sheet (TAGS) versi 6.1.7 mulai dari tanggal 15 Februari hingga 22 Mei 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan mobilitas penduduk dalam berkendara ternyata tidak secara otomatis akan menurunkan kadar polutan di udara. Terdapat faktor lain yang berkontribusi terhadap polusi di Jakarta, yaitu industri yang berada di Jabodetabek yang mengelilingi Kota Jakarta. Artikel ini bermanfaat bukan saja bagi pemerhati lingkungan, melainkan juga para pengambil kebijakan, bahwa upaya memperbaiki kualitas udara di Kota Jakarta dapat dilakukan dengan mengatur mobilitas penduduk di Kota Jakarta, dan memonitor pihak industri.

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Keywords: covid-19; DKI Jakarta; mobilitas penduduk; kualitas udara

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