DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.9.3.293-305

Improving Forest Fire Mitigation in Indonesia: A Lesson from Canada

*M. Bayu Rizky Prayoga  -  School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Raldi Hendro Koestoer  -  School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Forest fire is a hydrometeorological disaster that routinely occurs in Indonesia every dry season and often hits areas with extensive peatland cover. The lack of scientific references explaining peatlands' physical parameters and their relationship to hotspots' occurrence also contributes to the government intervention's ineffectiveness in forest fires suppression because they are mainly executed in severe drought conditions. Strengthening mitigation, especially at the preparedness stage, is needed to detect forest fires earlier, prevent not from spreading widely, and not cause many environmental, social, and economic losses. This study aims to explain the gaps in forest fire disaster management in Indonesia, which have not maximized the results of observations from physical land and weather conditions as a basis for making decisions for more preventive forest fire mitigation. This study’s analysis is conducted using literature studies method from several reports, scientific articles, and regulations related to forest fires. This study’s analysis results explain how physical land monitoring and observation can provide a scientific basis that can be used as input in formulating policies, especially regarding the determination of disaster status on forest fire phenomena. Furthermore, this study explains how a paradigm shift in forest fire disaster management is needed in Indonesia through a more preventive approach to implement forest fire disaster mitigation can be more effective and efficient.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: forest fire; mitigation; peatland; policy; prepardness

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Analisis Transformasi Spasial Akibat Urban Sprawl di Pinggiran Kota Singaraja, Kabupaten Buleleng Improving Forest Fire Mitigation in Indonesia: A Lesson from Canada Analisis Sosial Ekonomi Pembentuk Tipologi Wilayah Peri Urban Kecamatan Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya More recent articles
  1. Austin, K. G., Schwantes, A., Gu, Y., & Kasibhatla, P. S. (2019). What causes deforestation in Indonesia? Environmental Research Letters, 14(2). doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaf6db
  2. Burns, T. R. (2016). Sustainable development: Agents, systems and the environment. Current Sociology, 64(6), 875–906. doi: 10.1177/0011392115600737
  3. Carter, W. N. (2008). Disaster management: A disaster manager’s handbook. Asian Development bank
  4. Cochrane, M. (2015). Above and belowground tropical rainforest fire dynamics. Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE) South Dakota State University
  5. Dargie, G. C., Lewis, S. L., Lawson, I. T., Mitchard, E. T. A., Page, S. E., Bocko, Y. E., & Ifo, S. A. (2017). Age, extent and carbon storage of the central Congo Basin peatland complex. Nature, 542, 86–90. doi: 10.1038/nature21048
  6. de Groot, W. J., Wotton, B. M., & Flannigan, M. D. (2015). Wildland fire danger rating and early warning systems. In Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters (pp. 207-228). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-410434-1.00011-7
  7. Faturahman, B. M. (2017). Reformasi administrasi dalam manajemen bencana. Mimbar Yustitia, 1(2), 185–201. doi: 10.52166/mimbar.v1i2.1109
  8. Field, R. D., Van Der Werf, G. R., Fanin, T., Fetzer, E. J., Fuller, R., Jethva, H., Levy, R., Livesey, N. J., Luo, M., Torres, O., & Worden, H. M. (2016). Indonesian fire activity and smoke pollution in 2015 show persistent nonlinear sensitivity to El Niño-induced drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(33), 9204–9209. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524888113
  9. Gaur, A., Bénichou, N., Armstrong, M., & Hill, F. (2021). Potential future changes in wildfire weather and behavior around 11 Canadian cities. Urban Climate, 35. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100735
  10. Goldstein, J. ., Graham, L., Ansori, S., Vetrita, Y., Thomas, A., Applegate, G., & Cochrane, M. A. (2020). Beyond slash‐and‐burn: The roles of human activities, altered hydrology and fuels in peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 41(2), 190–208. doi: 10.1111/sjtg.12319
  11. Government of Riau Province. (2020). Peraturan Gubernur Riau Nomor 9 Tahun 2020 tentang prosedur tetap kriteria penetapan status keadaan darurat bencana dan komando satuan tugas pengendalian kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Riau. Riau Province
  12. Huijnen, V., Wooster, M. J., Kaiser, J. W., Gaveau, D. L. A., Flemming, J., Parrington, M., Inness, A., Murdiyarso, D., Main, B., & Van Weele, M. (2016). Fire carbon emissions over maritime southeast Asia in 2015 largest since 1997. Scientific Reports, 6, 1–8. doi: 10.1038/srep26886
  13. Irfan, A., Febria, D., Nofianti, L., & Rijulvita, S. (2020). The conceptual framework for Water accounting in sustainability of peatland ecosystems. An islamic perspective. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 11(3), 589–593. doi: 10.14505/jemt.v11.3(43).11
  14. Jefferson, U., Carmenta, R., Daeli, W., & Phelps, J. (2020). Characterising policy responses to complex socio-ecological problems: 60 fire management interventions in Indonesian peatlands. Global Environmental Change, 60. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.102027
  15. Lee, B. S., Alexander, M. E., Hawkes, B. C., Lynham, T. J., Stocks, B. J., & Englefield, P. (2002). Information systems in support of wildland fire management decision making in Canada. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 37(1–3), 185–198. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00120-5
  16. McFayden, C. B., Woolford, D. G., Stacey, A., Boychuk, D., Johnston, J. M., Wheatley, M. J., & Martell, D. L. (2020). Risk assessment for wildland fire aerial detection patrol route planning in Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 29(1), 28–41. doi: 10.1071/WF19084
  17. Miettinen, J., & Liew, S. C. (2010). Status of peatland degradation and development in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Ambio, 39(5), 394–401. doi: 10.1007/s13280-010-0051-2
  18. Miettinen, J., Shi, C., & Liew, S. C. (2016). Land cover distribution in the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with changes since 1990. Global Ecology and Conservation, 6, 67–78. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.02.004
  19. Mongabay. (2019). Bank dunia: Kerugian Indonesia dampak karhutla 2019 capai Rp72,95 triliun. Retrieved from: https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/12/16/bank-dunia-kerugian-indonesia-dampak-karhutla-2019-capai-rp7295-triliun/
  20. Page, S. E., Rieley, J. O., & Banks, C. J. (2011). Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool. Global Change Biology, 17(2), 798–818. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.x
  21. Palmer, C. E. (2001). The extent and causes of illegal logging: An analysis of a major cause of tropical deforestation in Indonesia. CSERGE Working Paper, January 2001, 33. Retrieved from: http://www.cserge.ucl.ac.uk/Illegal_Logging.pdf
  22. Purnomo, H., Shantiko, B., Sitorus, S., Gunawan, H., Achdiawan, R., Kartodihardjo, H., & Dewayani, A. A. (2017). Fire economy and actor network of forest and land fires in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 78, 21–31. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.001
  23. Rein, G. (2016). The S.F.P.E. handbook of fire protection engineering. In Fire Safety Journal. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0
  24. Sandhyavitri, A., Fauzi, M., Gunawan, H., Sutikno, S., Amri, R., Siswanto, Suryawan, I., Mukti, M. A., & Riza, S. (2015). Mitigasi bencana banjir dan kebakaran. UR Press
  25. Stocks, B. J., Lawson, B. D., Alexander, M. E., Van Wagner, C. E., McAlpine, R. S., Lynham, T. J., & Dube, D. E. (1989). Canadian forest fire danger rating system: An overview. The Forestry Chronicle, 65(4), 258–265
  26. Syaufina, L. (2018). Forest and land fires in Indonesia: Assessment and mitigation. In Integrating Disaster Science and Management: Global Case Studies in Mitigation and Recovery (pp. 109-121). Elsevier Inc. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-812056-9.00008-7
  27. Taufik, M., Veldhuizen, A. A., Wösten, J. H. M., & van Lanen, H. A. J. (2019). Exploration of the importance of physical properties of Indonesian peatlands to assess critical groundwater table depths, associated drought and fire hazard. Geoderma, 347, 160–169. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.04.001
  28. Taylor, S. W., & Alexander, M. E. (2006). Science, technology, and human factors in fire danger rating: The Canadian experience. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 15(1), 121–135. doi: 10.1071/WF05021
  29. Tymstra, C., Stocks, B. J., Cai, X., & Flannigan, M. D. (2020). Progress in disaster science wild fire management in Canada : Review , challenges and opportunities. Progress in Disaster Science, 5. doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2019.100045
  30. Uda, S. K., Hein, L., & Sumarga, E. (2017). Towards sustainable management of Indonesian tropical peatlands. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 25(6), 683–701. doi: 10.1007/s11273-017-9544-0
  31. Wibowo, K. A. (2019). Manajemen penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) guna peningkatan ekonomi kerakyatan. Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik, 3(1), 69–83. doi: 10.19109/jssp.v3i1.4072
  32. Wilkinson, S. L., Moore, P. A., Flannigan, M. D., Wotton, B. M., & Waddington, J. M. (2018). Did enhanced afforestation cause high severity peat burn in the Fort McMurray Horse River wildfire? Environmental Research Letters, 13(1)

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.