Optimization of Manufacturing liquid Soap Based on Virgin Coconut Oil with a Combination Potassium Hydroxide and Ammonium Hydroxide

Yesi Kurniawati; Vita Paramita

doi:10.14710/jvsar.v4i1.14463

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v4i1.14463

Optimization of Manufacturing liquid Soap Based on Virgin Coconut Oil with a Combination Potassium Hydroxide and Ammonium Hydroxide

*Yesi Kurniawati - Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Vita Paramita

- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Citation Format:

Abstract

Virgin coconut oil has a better saponification effect than coconut oil in general. It has a high lauric acid content of 46%, suitable for skin moisture; it is good to be used as a primary ingredient for making natural liquid soap; hydrolysis is carried out on VCO to get free fatty acids ingredient raw material for making soap. This study will use a combination of KOH and NH₄OH bases to produce more soluble soap in water. This study aims to determine the quality of natural liquid soap from the saponification process between VCO hydrolysis and base, whether by applicable quality standards, and determine the effect of base concentration, time, and temperature of mixing on the quality of the soap produced. The method in this study uses the Response Surface Methodology, where the resulting soap product is tested for physicochemical tests. The critical value for optimizing liquid soap is obtained at the KOH base ratio of 8, time 140 minutes, and temperature 92^oC, and the critical value of FFA is 0, 21%. The best soap results are sample 6, which complied with SNI 06-4085-1996 and SNI 3532-2016.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: hydrolysis oil; liquid soap; saponification; virgin coconut oil

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Volume 4, Issue 1, Year 2022 (April 2022)

Recent articles

Optimization of Pb(II) Metal Adsorption on Pomelo Peel Biosorbent by Immobilization in Ca-Alginate Reducing COD Levels of Batik Waste Using Chicken Egg Shells and Tea Dregs Optimization and Characterization of Physical–Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Edible Films Based on Pectin from Breadfruit Peel for Food Packaging More recent articles

Bidilah, S. A., Rumape, O. and Mohamad, E. (2017) ‘Optimasi Waktu Pengadukan dan Volume KOH Sabun Cair Berbahan Dasar Minyak Jelantah’, Jurnal Entropi, 12(6), pp. 55–60
Chirani, M. R. et al. (2021) ‘Environmental impact of increased soap consumption during COVID-19 pandemic: Biodegradable soap production and sustainable packaging’, Science of the Total Environment, 796. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149013
Fauzi, I. G. et al. (2019) ‘Industri Sabun’. doi: 10.31227/osf.io/etbhx
Hardian, K., Akhyar Ali and Yusmarini (2014) ‘Evaluasi Mutu Sabun Padat Transparan Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Dengan Penambahan Sls (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) Dan Sukrosa’, 3(3), pp. 63–77
Hasibuan, R., Adventi, F. and Persaulian, R. (2019) ‘Pengaruh Suhu Reaksi, Kecepatan Pengadukan dan Waktu Reaksi pada Pembuatan Sabun Padat dari Minyak Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.)’, Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 8(1), pp. 11–17
Hutauruk, H., Yamlean, P. V. Y. and Wiyono, W. (2020) ‘Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Sabun Cair Ekstrak Etanol Herba Seledri (Apium Graveolens L) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus’, Pharmacon, 9(1), p. 73. doi: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.27412
Kartika Sari, N. W. T., Ganda Putra, G. P. and Wrasiati, L. P. (2019) ‘Pengaruh Suhu Pemanasan Dan Konsentrasi Carbopol Terhadap Karakteristik Sabun Cair Cuci Tangan’, Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 7(3), p. 429. doi: 10.24843/jrma.2019.v07.i03.p10
Maotsela, T., Danha, G. and Muzenda, E. (2019) ‘Utilization of waste cooking oil and tallow for production of toilet “bath” soap,’ Procedia Manufacturing, 35, pp. 541–545. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.07.008
Sukesi, L., Sidabutar, A. and Sitorus, C. (2017) ‘Pembuatan Sabun Dengan Menggunakan Kulit Buah Kapuk (Ceiba petandra) Sebagai Sumber Alkali’, Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 6(3), pp. 8–13
Trivana, L. and Karouw, S. (2017) ‘Kinetika Reaksi Hidrolisis Virgin Coconut Oil Dengan Katalis Asam Klorida / Reaction Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of Virgin Coconut Oil using Hydrochloride Acid as Catalyst,’ Buletin Palma, 17(1), p. 51. DOI: 10.21082/bp.v17n1.2016.51-57
Widyasanti, A., Nugraha, D. and Rohdiana, D. (2017) ‘Pembuatan Sabun Padat Transparan Berbasis Bahan

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. Authors retain the copyright to their work. Users may read, copy and distribute the work in any medium provided the authors and the journal are appropriately credited.

Below you may find the full text of the license signed by authors.

LICENSE TO PUBLISH

1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license as currently displayed on http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Without prejudice to the foregoing, the author hereby grants Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research the exclusive license for commercial use of the article according to section 2 below, and sections 4 through 9 below, throughout the world, in any form, in any language, for the full term of copyright, effective upon acceptance for publication.

2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s.

3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution).

4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:

copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
the right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
the right to self-archive the article.

5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.

6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research.

7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research or its sublicensee.

8. Miscellaneous
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal, if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers. Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement.