DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jpii.2026.32766

Peran PLTU Dalam Transisi Energi: Retrofitting Aset Eksisting Sebagai Alternatif Early Retirement

*Wisnu Setyo Nugroho  -  Program Studi Program Profesi Insinyur Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Dyah Hesti Wardhani  -  Program Studi Program Profesi Insinyur Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Received: 9 May 2026; Revised: 18 Jun 2026; Accepted: 20 Jun 2026; Available online: 24 Jun 2026; Published: 22 Sep 2026.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kelayakan dan kemungkinan retrofitting PLTU batu bara sebagai jembatan transisi energi di Indonesia. Latar belakangnya adalah ketergantungan listrik nasional pada batu bara, dengan kondisi PLTU yang relatif muda (52,3 GW; rerata usia ±11 tahun), serta kebijakan menuju Net Zero Emission 2060 dan rencana early retirement PLTU batu bara. Metodologi berupa systematic review terhadap berbagai sumber jurnal, artikel, dokumen pemerintah dan studi kasus. Temuan kunci menunjukkan bahwa retrofit meliputi peningkatan efisiensi, pengendalian emisi, co-firing biomassa/amonia, hingga implementasi CCUS dapat menurunkan emisi dan memulihkan sebagian efisiensi (2–3%), sambil mempertahankan nilai aset dan keandalan pasokan base load. Studi kasus China (ultra-low emissions) menghasilkan penurunan signifikan SO2, NOx dan partikulat; contoh lain (turbine upgrade, konversi bahan bakar ke biomassa, serta proyek CCUS Boundary Dam) memberikan contoh manfaat sekaligus keterbatasan teknis dan keekonomian. Analisis sosial-lingkungan menunjukkan perbaikan kualitas udara dan kesehatan, dampak ketenagakerjaan, serta persepsi publik yang bervariasi. Risiko utama meliputi kompleksitas teknis, kebutuhan investasi besar, ketidakpastian kebijakan dan potensi menghambat dekarbonisasi jangka panjang. Kesimpulannya, retrofit dapat menjadi solusi transisi pragmatis jika disertai kejelasan kebijakan, pembiayaan terjangkau dan dijalankan paralel dengan akselerasi energi bersih agar melengkapi, bukan menghambat, dekarbonisasi.

 

Kata kunci: PLTU, retrofit, emisi, sosial, lingkungan

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