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Environmental Noise Analysis during Pile Driving Using a Single Acting Diesel Hammer

*Agus Margiantono orcid scopus  -  Department of Electrical Engineering, Semarang University, Semarang, Indonesia
Evi Setiawati  -  Department of Physics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Received: 9 Jul 2025; Revised: 11 Nov 2025; Accepted: 27 Jan 2026; Available online: 27 Feb 2026; Published: 27 Feb 2026.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Pile driving activities using diesel hammers are common in large-scale infrastructure development projects. One such project is the construction of a railway track leading to Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) in Kalidengen Village, where a single acting diesel hammer was employed. This study aims to analyze the environmental noise levels generated by the pile driving process at varying distances from the source. Noise level measurements were conducted at distances of 10 meters, 100 meters, and 150 meters using a calibrated sound level meter. The results show that the noise intensity at 10 meters reached values exceeding 120 dBA, while at 100 meters and 150 meters, the levels decreased significantly but still fluctuated between 50–65 dBA. A comparison was also made between the measured noise levels and theoretical predictions based on spherical spreading loss. The findings indicate a consistent decrease in noise levels with distance, in line with theoretical expectations, although certain deviations were observed due to site-specific conditions such as surface reflections and atmospheric absorption. The average noise levels at 100 meters and 150 meters were found to be close to or slightly above the environmental noise threshold of 55 dBA. This suggests a potential risk of noise disturbance in nearby residential areas. The study concludes that mitigation strategies, such as work time restrictions or temporary barriers, should be considered during pile driving operations in urban or residential settings.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Data Set
Supp1_Lapangan_Data.xlsx
Subject Raw noise measurement data (LAeq), Model calibration data and predicted LAeq , measured values at 11 m, 110 m, and 160 m.
Type Data Set
  Download (93KB)    Indexing metadata
 image in PDF
Untitled
Subject field measurement, noise monitoring, diesel hammer, construction site
Type image in PDF
  Download (703KB)    Indexing metadata
 Document (PDF)
Supp3_Specifications: D 19-42 Diesel Pile Hammer
Subject diesel hammer, DELMAG D19-42, pile driving, impact energy, construction equipment
Type Document (PDF)
  Download (146KB)    Indexing metadata
 Transcripts
Supp4_ SOUND LEVEL METER
Subject sound level meter, Lutron, SL-4023SD, noise monitoring, environmental acoustics, measurement device, instrumentation
Type Transcripts
  Download (120KB)    Indexing metadata
 Similarity report / plagiarism check document
Turnitin Similarity Report for Environmental Noise Analysis during Pile Driving Using a Single Acting Diesel Hammer
Subject Similarity check (plagiarism screening) for scientific journal manuscript
Type Similarity report / plagiarism check document
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 Response to reviewers document
Response to Reviewers for Environmental Noise Analysis during Pile Driving Using a Single Acting Diesel Hammer
Subject Authors’ responses to reviewers’ comments
Type Response to reviewers document
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Keywords: Environmental noise, diesel hammer, pile driving, acoustic propagation, noise measurement
Funding: Semarang University under contract Internal Competitive Research Grant Program

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