- Depkes Republik Indonesia. InfoDatin tuberculosis. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2018;1–9
- Rapuono J.C. et all. Neuro-ophthalmology: optic neuropathy.American Academy of Ophtalmology. 2021;137–9
- Yang HK, Park MJ, Lee JH, Lee CT, Park JS, Hwang JM. Incidence of toxic optic neuropathy with low-dose ethambutol. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2016 Feb 1;20(2):261–4. DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0275
- Chung H, Yoon YH, Hwang JJ, Cho KS, Koh JY, Kim JG. Ethambutol-induced toxicity is mediated by zinc and lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cultured retinal cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;235(2):163–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.11.006
- RYC Chan, AKH Kwok. Ocular toxicity of ethambutol. Hongkong Medical Journal. 2006;12(1):56–60. PMID: 16495590
- Indrayani I, Ariswanda I, Samatra D, Masputra A, Widyadharma I. CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHAMBUTOL OPTIC NEUROPATHY ON TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports. 2019;(0):1
- Nur Azizah Juzmi, Batari Todja Umar, Rahasiah Taufik. NEUROPATI OPTIK TOKSIK SETELAH PEMBERIAN ETAMBUTOL PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS DI MAKASSAR. JST kesehatan. 2014;4(3):269–76
- Muhammad AM. Karakteristik pasien neuropati optik toksi etambutol di pusat mata nasional rumah sakit mata cicendo. Cicendo. 2019;1–8
- Heng JE, Vorwerk CK, Lessell E, Zurakowski D, Levin LA, Dreyer EB. Ethambutol is toxic to retinal ganglion cells via an excitotoxic pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Jan;40(1):190–6. PMID: 9888443
- Yoon YH, Jung KH, Sadun AA, Shin HC, Koh JY. Ethambutol-Induced Vacuolar Changes and Neuronal Loss in Rat Retinal Cell Culture: Mediation by Endogenous Zinc. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;162(2):107–14. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8846
- Tsai RK, He MS, Chen ZY, Wu WC, Wu WS. PKCδ-dependent signaling mediates ethambutol-induced toxic effects on human retinal pigment cells. Mol Vis. 2011;17:1564–76
- Huang SP, Chien JY, Tsai RK. Ethambutol induces impaired autophagic flux and apoptosis in the retina. Dis Model Mech. 2015 Jan 1; DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019737
- Gong H, Amemiya T. Optic Nerve Changes in Zinc-deficient Rats. Exp Eye Res. 2001 Apr;72(4):363–9. DOI: 10.1006/exer.2000.0958
- Shindler KS, Zurakowski D, Dreyer EB. Caspase inhibitors block zinc-chelator induced death of retinal ganglion cells. Neuroreport. 2000 Jul;11(10):2299–302. DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200007140-00046
- Chen TA, Yang F, Cole GM, Chan SO. Inhibition of caspase-3-like activity reduces glutamate induced cell death in adult rat retina11Published on the World Wide Web on 9 May 2001. Brain Res. 2001 Jun;904(1):177–88. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02485-4
- Neni D. Pengaruh pemberian Zinc pada pasien tuberkulosis kasus baru dengan terapi etambutol terhadap lapang pandang. Universitas airlangga. 2015;
- Rindawati. Pengaruh pemberian zinc terhadap nilai sensitivitas sontras pada penderita tuberkulosis yang mendapat etambutol. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. 2010;
- Yulianti SR. Efek suplementasi ion zinc pada pengobatan tuberkulosis paru terhadap perubahan p100 latensi VEP. . Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 2006;
- Chamberlain PD, Sadaka A, Berry S, Lee AG. Ethambutol optic neuropathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017 Nov;28(6):545–51. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000416
- Hao Q, Xiao X, Zhen J, Feng J, Song C, Jiang B, et al. Resveratrol attenuates acute kidney injury by inhibiting death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways in a cisplatin-induced rat model. Mol Med Rep. 2016 Oct;14(4):3683–9. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5714
- Mandal S, Saxena R, Dhiman R, Mohan A, Padhy SK, Phuljhele S, et al. Prospective study to evaluate incidence and indicators for early detection of ethambutol toxicity. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021 Jul;105(7):1024–8. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316897
- Yan Sheng W, Ya Sui L, Ge W, Qing Wu S, Zhu LW. Analysis of structural injury pattern in peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and retinal ganglion cell layer in ethambutol- induced optic neuropathy. BMC ophtalmology. 2021;1–8. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01881-y
- Koul P. Ocular toxicity with ethambutol therapy: Timely recaution. Lung India. 2015;32(1):1. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.148395
- Ghulam H, Kadri SM, Manzoor A, Waseem Q, Aatif MS, Khan GQ, et al. Status of zinc in pulmonary tuberculosis. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2009 Jun 1;3(05). DOI: 10.3855/jidc.244
- Fitriyah N, Kusidantoro, Mauthia N, Suhendro G, Agustini L. Effek suplementasi zn terhadap ketebalan retinal nerve fiber layer pada pasien TB paru yang diberikan etambutol. . ADLN_Univ Airlangga. 2017;
- Yudapratiwi N, Enus S, Setiohadji B, Hernowo BS. Suplementasi zinc dan densitas ganglion retina tikus yang diberi etambutol. Bandung Med Jour. 2012;4:1–18
Last update:
No citation recorded.
Last update:
No citation recorded.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research

This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.
Copyright encompasses non-exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University (JBTR) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form JBTR]
The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus UNDIP Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275, Telp.: +62-24-8454714, Fax.: +62-24-8454714
Email: jbtr@fk.undip.ac.id