Challenges of Slum Upgrading in Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria

*Adewale Yoade  -  Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Wesley University Ondo, Nigeria
Sesan Adeniyi Adeyemi  -  Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Wesley University Ondo, Nigeria
Received: 9 Oct 2019; Published: 29 Feb 2020.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2020 The Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development

Citation Format:
Abstract
Environmental decay in a city is essentially caused by rapid urbanization and the mismatch in the provision and maintenance of housing and infrastructure. This study examined challenges of slum upgrading in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study aims to examine slum areas and their living conditions, and finding out the most critical and problematic zone of the slums Two sources (primary and secondary) of data were utilized in the study: The study population for this study was the residents of Diobu and Waterside in Port Harcourt, River State. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data appropriately. Findings established that 11.3% acquired primary education, 29.0% have secondary education, and 14.0% had NCE, 21.0% had both HND and degree and 3.8% had no formal education. Findings showed that 31.7% of the residents were owners of the building while 68.2% were living in rented apartments. Findings revealed that 40.9% of the respondents have bad drainage system which would lead to dirty environment and 6.5% having very good drainage system. The study concluded that majority of building structures in the study area are old that existed for decades without maintenance and the surrounding environment very poor due to neglect.
Keywords: challenges; environment; slum; upgrading; urban

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language: EN
In Vol 5, No 1 (2020): February 2020
Statistics: 238
Others articles
The Correlation between Residential Density and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Surabaya City Social and Economic Empowerment for Village Women as a Strategy of Village Development The Green Economy Concept as Development Strategy of Cempaka Tourism Village toward Sustainable Tourism Development Collaborative Planning on Cross-Border Service of Water Supply in Surakarta Urban Border Area, Indonesia Asymmetric Policy Concept for Border Areas Development: Issues and Challenges The Role of Place Identity in Planning Heritage Tourism
  1. Adesanya, A. (2000). Partnerships in the Planning and Management of Cities: a Case Study of the Sustainable Ibadan Project (SIP). Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER).
  2. Agbola, T., & Agunbiade, E. (2007). Urbanization, Slum Development and Security of Tenure: the Challenges of Meeting Millennium Development Goal (MDG 7 in Metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. In PRIPODE Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya (pp. 11–13).
  3. Appadurai, A. (2001). Deep Democracy: Urban Governmentality and the Horizon of Politics. Environment and Urbanization, 13(2), 23–43.
  4. Beall, J. (2002). Globalization and Social Exclusion in Cities: Framing the Debate with Lessons from Africa and Asia. Environment and Urbanization, 14(1), 41–51.
  5. Cohen, A. (1973). Custom and Politics in Urban Africa: a Study of Hausa Migrants in Yoruba Towns. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  6. De Soto, H. (1989). Ther Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World. New York: Harper and Row.
  7. Egunjobi, L., & Oladoja, A. (1987). Administrative Constraints in Urban Planning and Development: The case of Ibadan Metropolis. Habitat International, 11(4), 87–94.
  8. Erdogan, N., Saglamer, G., Dökmeci, V., & Dikbas, A. (1996). Socioenvironmental Determinants of Social Interactions in a Squatter Settlement in Istanbul. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 329–336.
  9. Fourchard, L. (2003). De la Résidence Lignagère à la Rente Immobilière: Cours et Compounds en Afrique Occidentale Française et au Nigeria, fin XIXe siècle-1960. Le Mouvement Social, (3), 47–64.
  10. Gong, X., & Van Soest, A. (2002). Wage Differentials and Mobility in the Urban Labour Market: a Panel Data Analysis for Mexico. Labour Economics, 9(4), 513–529.
  11. Gulyani, S., & Bassett, E. M. (2007). Retrieving the Baby from the Bathwater: Slum Upgrading in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 25(4), 486–515.
  12. IRIN. (2006). Nigeria: Lagos, the Mega-City of Slums. Retrieved September 6, 2006, from http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=60811
  13. Jagun, A. (1983). Urban Housing Need Estimate in Nigeria: Government Capability in Its Provision. Journal of Business and Social Studies, 4(2), 43–51.
  14. Meier, J. E. (2000). “On The Margins”: The Emergence and Growth of Squatter Settlements in Cape Town, 1939-1960. University of Florida.
  15. Mikkelsen, B., & others. (1995). Methods for Development Work and Research: A Guide for Practitioners. Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd.
  16. Morka, F. C. (2007). A Place to Live: A Case Study of the Ijora-Badia Community in Lagos, Nigeria. Case Study Prepared for Enhancing Urban Safety and Security: Global Report on Human Settlements.
  17. Moser, C. O. (1996). Confronting Crisis: a Comparative Study of Household Responses to Poverty and Vulnerability in Four Poor Urban Communities. The World Bank.
  18. Muraguri, L. (2011). Kenyan Government Initiatives in Slum Upgrading. Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est/The East African Review, (44), 119–127.
  19. Muthoka, J. M. (2005). Participation in Upgrading Programmes: the Case Study of Mathare 4A Slum Upgrading Programme in Nairobi, Kenya.
  20. Nawagamuwa, A., & Viking, N. (2003). Slums, Squatter Areas and Informal Settlements—Do They Block or Help Urban Sustainability in Developing Contexts? In 9th International Conference on Sri Lanka Studies (pp. 1–12). Matara, Sri Lanka.
  21. Rahman, M. M. (2002). Problems of the NGOs in Housing the Urban Poor in Bangladesh. Habitat International, 26(3), 433–451.
  22. Ruel, M. T., Haddad, L., & Garrett, J. L. (1999). Some Urban Facts of Life: Implications for Research and Policy. World Development, 27(11), 1917–1938.
  23. SIDA. (2006). KENSUP, Capacity Building Assessment Report and Work Plan. Nairobi, Kenya.
  24. Sjoberg, G. (1955). The Preindustrial City: Past and Present. American Journal of Sociology, 60(5), 438–445.
  25. Syagga, P. (2011). Land Tenure in Slum Upgrading Projects.
  26. Torstensson, J. (1994). Property Rights and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study. Kyklos, 47(2), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1111
  27. /j.1467-6435.1994.tb02257.x
  28. UN Habitat. (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements.
  29. UN Habitat. (2007). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003". Twenty First Session of the Governing Council, Nairobi, Kenya [Online] 2007, 16-20 April. Available: http://www.unhabitat.org
  30. /downloads/docs/4625_51419_GC%2021%20What%20are%20 slums.pdf. Nairobi, Kenya.
  31. UNCHS. (1996). An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements. Oxford.
  32. UNCHS and G.O.K. (2003). Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). Nairobi.
  33. Vliet, W. van. (2002). Cities in a Globalizing World: from Engines of Growth to Agents of Change. Environment and Urbanization, 14(1), 31–40.
  34. Werlin, H. (1999). The Slum Upgrading Myth. Urban Studies, 36(9), 1523–1534.
  35. World Bank. (1995). Restoring Urban Nigeria: A Strategy for restoring Urban Infrastructure and Services in Nigeria. Washington: World Bank.

Last update: 2021-01-26 06:17:18

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-01-26 06:17:20

No citation recorded.
Copyright (c) 2018 The Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright publishing shall be assigned to IJPD and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University as the journal publisher.

Copyright includes the right to reproduce and provide articles in all forms and media, including reprints, and any other similar reproduction as well as translations. The author still has the rights to duplicate the material as a compilation for the author’s and for distribution in the institution where the author works.