Gender Equality in Climate Change Adaptation: A Case of Cirebon, Indonesia

Nila Ardhyarini H. Pratiwi; Yovi Dzulhijjah Rahmawati; Ivo Setiono

doi:10.14710/ijpd.2.2.74-86

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijpd.2.2.74-86

Gender Equality in Climate Change Adaptation: A Case of Cirebon, Indonesia

*Nila Ardhyarini H. Pratiwi - Urban and Regional Development Institute, Indonesia

Yovi Dzulhijjah Rahmawati - Urban and Regional Development Institute, Indonesia

Ivo Setiono - Urban and Regional Development Institute, Indonesia

Received: 3 May 2017; Published: 31 Oct 2017.

Editor(s): Rukuh Setiadi, Ph.D

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{IJPD1194,
    author = {Nila Pratiwi and Yovi Rahmawati and Ivo Setiono},
    title = {Gender Equality in Climate Change Adaptation: A Case of Cirebon, Indonesia},
    journal = {The Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development},
  volume = {2},
    number = {2},
    year = {2017},
    keywords = {climate change adaptation; gender equality; vulnerability},
    abstract = {  Climate change will greatly affect many aspects of Indonesia’s economy, society, and environment. The vulnerability of individuals to climate change will depend on their adaptive capacity and manifestations of gender inequality can affect this capacity. It is generally acknowledged that women may be more vulnerable to climate change impact than men. Therefore, gender inequality becomes the critical issue on climate change adaptation. However, it is not yet mainstreamed into climate change adaptation program in Indonesian cities. With regard to such circumstance, this study assessed the gender dimensions in the context of climate change vulnerability, and how to mainstream gender-sensitive into climate change adaptation program at the local level with a case of Cirebon, Indonesia, in urban and rural areas. Mixed methods were employed for this study by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis through explanatory and comprehensive analysis. We examined the gender differences on socio-economic condition by using the socio-ecological model with various variables consisting of literacy and education, livelihood, access to and control over resources, health, mobility, female-headed household, and roles in decision-making. The results highlight that there are different gender’s adaptive capacities between urban and rural areas to climate change, and gender mainstreaming in climate change adaptation in an urban area is easier to be implemented than in a rural area which influenced by the level of society and policymakers ability and awareness.  },
   issn = {2442-983X},   pages = {74--86}  doi = {10.14710/ijpd.2.2.74-86},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/ijpd/article/view/1194}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Climate change will greatly affect many aspects of Indonesia’s economy, society, and environment. The vulnerability of individuals to climate change will depend on their adaptive capacity and manifestations of gender inequality can affect this capacity. It is generally acknowledged that women may be more vulnerable to climate change impact than men. Therefore, gender inequality becomes the critical issue on climate change adaptation. However, it is not yet mainstreamed into climate change adaptation program in Indonesian cities. With regard to such circumstance, this study assessed the gender dimensions in the context of climate change vulnerability, and how to mainstream gender-sensitive into climate change adaptation program at the local level with a case of Cirebon, Indonesia, in urban and rural areas. Mixed methods were employed for this study by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis through explanatory and comprehensive analysis. We examined the gender differences on socio-economic condition by using the socio-ecological model with various variables consisting of literacy and education, livelihood, access to and control over resources, health, mobility, female-headed household, and roles in decision-making. The results highlight that there are different gender’s adaptive capacities between urban and rural areas to climate change, and gender mainstreaming in climate change adaptation in an urban area is easier to be implemented than in a rural area which influenced by the level of society and policymakers ability and awareness.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: climate change adaptation; gender equality; vulnerability

Funding: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) to Urban and Regional Development Institute (URDI)

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 2, No 2 (2017): October 2017

Recent articles

Gender Equality in Climate Change Adaptation: A Case of Cirebon, Indonesia Identifying Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation Efforts for Children into the West Java Development Planning Asymmetric Policy Concept for Border Areas Development: Issues and Challenges More recent articles

Adger, W. N. (2001). Social capital and climate change. Norwich. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228386024_Social_capital_and_climate_change
Alston, M. (2014). Gender mainstreaming and climate change. Women’s Studies International Forum, 47(PB), 287–294. doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2013.01.016
Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional (BAPPENAS). (2012). Policy Paper on Gender Mainstreaming in Climate Change Adaptation. Jakarta. Retrieved from https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/1813/5763/0712/policy-papergmccalaunching-cetak2013032012061037560.pdf
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Cirebon (BPS Kota Cirebon). (2015). Lemahwungkuk Dalam Angka 2015. Cirebon: Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Cirebon. Retrieved from https://cirebonkota.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi/88
Chant, S. (1997). Women-headed households: Poorest of the poor? perspectives from Costa Rica and the Philippines. IDS Bullettin, 28(3), 26–48. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1997.mp28003003.x
Cuevas, S. C., Peterson, A., Morrison, T., & Robinson, C. (2016). Methodology for examining the challenges in mainstreaming climate change adaptation. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 8(3), 418–439. doi: 10.1108/IJCCSM-07-2015-0091
Dankelman, I. E. M., & Jansen, W. H. M. (2010). Gender, environment, and climate change: Understanding the linkages. In I. E. M. Dankelman (Ed.), Gender and Climate Change: An Introduction (pp. 21–54). London: Earthscan
Denton, F. (2002). Climate change vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation: Why does gender matter? Gender & Development, 10(2), 10–20. doi: 10.1080/13552070215903
Diouf, A., & Gaye, A. T. (2015). A methodological framework for building an index for vulnerability assessment in rainfed agriculture. In W. L. Filho (Ed.), Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation (pp. 3–15). Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1_42
Fan, S., Pandya-Lorch, R., & Yosef, S. (2014). Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security. Washington DC. doi: 10.2499/9780896296787
He, J. K. (2015). China’s INDC and non-fossil energy development
Advances in Climate Change Research, 6(3–4), 210–215. doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2015.11.007
Hoff, H. (2011). Understanding the nexus. Background paper for the Bonn2011 Nexus Conference: In Background Paper for the Bonn 2011 Conference: The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Stockholm, Sweden. (pp. 1–52). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). Retrieved from http://wef-conference.gwsp.org/fileadmin/documents_news/understanding_the_nexus.pdf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001a). . Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001b). Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. A Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Integovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (R. T. Watson & the Core Writing Team, Eds.). Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from ess.uci.edu/researchgrp/prather/files/2001IPCC_SyR-Watson.pdf
Jin, J., Wang, X., & Gao, Y. (2015). Gender differences in farmers responses to climate change adaptation in Yongqiao District, China. Science of the Total Environment, 538, 942–948. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.027
Lambrou, Y., & Piana, G. (2006). Gender: The Missing Component of the Response to Climate Change. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/i0170e/i0170e00.htm
Leszczynska, A. (2012). Adaptation to climate change as a process of organizational learning. In Knowledge and Learning: Global Empowerment; Proceedings of the Management, Knowledge and Learning International Conference 2012 (pp. 499–508). doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-09360-4_9
Mattee, A. Z., Mussa, K. R., Mwaseba, D. L., Mahonge, C. P., & Nsenga, J. V. (2014). Factors in smallholder farmers vurnerability to climate change impacts in the Uluguru Mountains, Morogoro, Tanzania. In R. et al Lal (Ed.), Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa. London: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-09360-4_9
McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351–377. doi: 10.1177/109019818801500401
Nagabhatla, N., Sobhan Kumar Sahu, A. G., Wen, L., & Lee, W. (2014). Understanding impacts of climate variation in varied socio-ecological domains: A prerequisite for climate change adaptation and management. In L. W. Filho (Ed.), Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-40455-9_64-1
Nelson, G. (2015). Gender Responsive National Communications Toolkit. New York: United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from www.un-gsp.org/.../undp_gender_responsive_national_communications_toolkit.pdf
Perez, C., Jones, E. M., Kristjanson, P., Cramer, L., Thornton, P. K., Förch, W., & Barahona, C. (2015). How resilient are farming households and communities to a changing climate in Africa? A gender-based perspective. Global Environmental Change, 34, 95–107
doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.003
Sangotegbe, N., Obayomi, J., & Oluwasusi, J. (2015). Adaptation to climate change effects among rural women in Savannah and Forest Zones of Oyo State, Nigeria. In L. W. Filho (Ed.), Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Berlin: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1_32
Sapiie, M. A. (2017). Indonesia still struggles to close gender equality gap: UNDP. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/03/22/indonesia-still-struggles-to-close-gender-equality-gap-undp.html
Singh, A., Svensson, J., & Kalyanpur, A. (2010). The state of sex-disaggregated data for assessing the impact of climate change. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 1(1), 395–404. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2010.09.027
Tambo, J. A. (2016). Adaptation and resilience to climate change and variability in north-east Ghana. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 17, 85–94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.04.005
United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). (2009). 2009 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Women’s Control over Economic Resources and Access to Financial Resources, including Microfinance. October. New York: United Nation. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/WorldSurvey2009.pdf
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2009a). Gender and Climate Change : Impact and Adaptation. UNDP Asia-Pacific Gender Community of Practice Annual Learning Workshop. Negombo, Sri Lanka. Retrieved from http://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/library/gender-equality/gender-n-climate-change.html
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2009b). Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change. (L. W. Garmer, Ed.), United Nations Development Programme. Mexico: United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/womens-empowerment/resource-guide-on-gender-and-climate-change.html
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2010). Gender, Climate Change and Community-Based Adaptation: A Guidebook for Designing and Implementing Gender-Sensitive Community-Based Adaptation Programmes and Projects. (L. W. Garmer, Ed.). New York: United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy/climate_change/gender/gender-climate-change-and-community-based-adaptation-guidebook-.html
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2015). UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity. Accountability Report 2015UNHCR. (2015). UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity. Accountability Report 2015. Geneva. Retrieved from www.unhcr.org/5769092c7.pdf. Geneva. Retrieved from www.unhcr.org/5769092c7.pdf
Van Aelst, K., & Holvoet, N. (2016). Intersections of gender and marital status in accessing climate change adaptation: Evidence from Rural Tanzania. World Development, 79(March 2016), 40–50. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.003
World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Mainstreaming gender in health adaptation to climate change programmes: User’s guide. Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/Mainstreaming_Gender_Climate.pdf?ua=1
Zikra, M., & Lukijanto. (2015). Climate change impacts on Indonesian Coastal Areas. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 14, 57–63. doi: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.085

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

The authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to The Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development (IJPD). Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.

As an article writer, the author has the right to use their articles for various purposes, including use by institutions that employ authors or institutions that provide funding for research. Author rights are granted without special permission.

Author who publishes a paper at IJPD has the broad right to use their work for teaching and scientific purposes without the need to ask permission, including: used for (i) teaching in the author's class or institution, (ii) presentation at meetings or conferences and distributing copies to participants ; (iii) training conducted by the author or author's institution; (iv) distribution to colleagues for research use; (v) use in the compilation of subsequent authors' works; (vi) inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; (vi) reuse of part of the article in another work (with citation); (vii) preparation of derivative works (with citation); (viii) voluntary posting on open websites operated by authors or author institutions for scientific purposes (follow the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License).

Authors and readers can copy and redistribute material in any media or format, and mix, modify, and build material for any purpose but they must provide appropriate credit (provide article citation or content), providing links to the license, and indicate if there are changes.

Reproduce any part of this journal, its storage in the database or its transmission by all forms or media is permitted does not need for written permission from IJPD. However, it should be cited as an honor in academic manners

IJPD and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning of Diponegoro University and the Editor make every effort to ensure that there are no data, opinions, or false or misleading statements published in IJPD. However, the content of the article is the sole and exclusive responsibility of each author.