DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.10.1.2025.81-91

Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Tajuk dan Nilai Estetika Tanaman Hias Epipremnum aureum pada Aplikasi Sitokinin Sintetik (6-benzylaminopurine)

Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro,Jl. Prof. Jacob Rais Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Kualitas tanaman hias daun ditentukan oleh pertumbuhan dan nilai estetika tajuk.  Hormon sitokinin berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tajuk. Penelitian ini mengkaji respon pertumbuhan tajuk, morfologis daun dan nilai estetika tanaman hias Epipremnum aureum terhadap berbagai konsentrasi hormon sitokinin sintetis (6-benzylaminopurine /BAP). Aplikasi BAP dengan konsentrasi 0, 5, 25 dan 125 ppm diberikan melalui metode spray pada daun stek E. aureum umur 3 MST. Pemberian BAP dilakukan satu kali dalam seminggu hingga tanaman berumur 6 MST, selanjutnya diberikan dua hari sekali hingga penelitian berakhir pada 9 MST. Respon tanaman diamati pada umur 9 MST meliputi: respon pertumbuhan (jumlah dan luas daun, panjang batang, berat segar daun, berat segar batang), morfologis daun (warna dan indeks warna daun), dan nilai estetika (corak daun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi BAP 5 ppm, 25 ppm dan 125 ppm meningkatkan pertumbuhan tajuk dibanding kontrol. Peningkatan konsentrasi BAP hingga kisaran 80-100 ppm meningkatkan pertumbuhan tajuk, namun konsentrasi di atas 100 ppm menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan pertumbuhan. Secara morfologis, peningkatan konsentrasi BAP meningkatkan warna hijau dan indeks warna daun serta pembentukan corak daun, terutama pada konsentrasi BAP 125 ppm. Daun menunjukkan warna hijau yang lebih intens dan corak semburat kekuningan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.  Konsentrasi BAP yang optimal untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman ditemukan pada kisaran 80-100 ppm. Secara keseluruhan, aplikasi BAP meningkatkan pertumbuhan tajuk dan memperbaiki kualitas estetika daun tanaman E. aureum.

 


The growth and aesthetic value of the shoot determine the quality of ornamental foliage plants. Cytokinin hormones influence the growth and productivity of the shoot. This study examines the response of canopy growth, leaf morphology, and the aesthetic value of the ornamental plant Epipremnum aureum to various concentrations of synthetic cytokinin hormone (6-benzylaminopurine/BAP). BAP application at concentrations of 0, 5, 25, and 125 ppm was applied through a spray method to the leaves of 3-month-old E. aureum cuttings. BAP was used once a week until the plants were 6 months old, then twice every two days until the study ended at 9 months. The plant responses were observed at 9 months of age, including growth responses (number and size of leaves, stem length, fresh leaf weight, and fresh stem weight), leaf morphology (color and leaf color index), and aesthetic value (leaf patterns). The results showed that applying BAP at 5 ppm, 25 ppm, and 125 ppm increased canopy growth compared to the control. Increasing the BAP concentration to 80-100 ppm enhanced canopy growth, but concentrations above 100 ppm tended to decrease growth. Morphologically, increasing BAP concentrations improved the green color and leaf color index and the formation of leaf patterns, especially at the 125 ppm concentration. The leaves showed a more intense green color and higher yellowish patterns than the other treatments. The optimal BAP concentration for improving plant growth was 80-100 ppm. Overall, the BAP application enhanced canopy growth and improved the aesthetic quality of E. aureum leaf plants.

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Keywords: 6-benzyl aminopurine; sitokinin; Epipremnum aureum; pertumbuhan; klorofil
Funding: Universitas Diponegoro under contract 233-108/UN7.6.1/PP/2021

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