DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.10.1.2025.55-62

Struktur Histologi Duodenum Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) setelah Pemberian Sediaan Nanokitosan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. juss)

Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Jacob Rais Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

How to cite (APA): Darsono, A. E., Sitasiwi, A. J., & Suprihatin, T. (2025). Struktur Histologi Duodenum Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) setelah Pemberian Sediaan Nanokitosan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. juss). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 10(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.10.1.2025.55-62
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Abstract

Mimba merupakan tanaman obat yang umumnya dikonsumsi secara oral, konsumsi obat secara oral memiliki tingkat bioavaibilitas yang rendah dalam tubuh. Nanokitosan mampu mengenkapsulasi senyawa aktif dan mendistribusikannya ke sirkulasi sistemik serta meminimalisir efek toksik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh paparan sediaan nanokitosan ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A. juss) terhadap struktur histologi duodenum tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) betina. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas 3 perlakuan dan 4 pengulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (kontrol), P1 (ekstrak etanol daun mimba), dan P2 (nanokitosan ekstrak etanol daun mimba) masing-masing perlakuan diberikan dalam 2 ml/ekor/hari selama 21 hari. Variabel yang diukur berupa diameter duodenum, tebal lapisan muskularis, panjang vili, dan skor kerusakan deskuamasi vili melalui skoring dengan skor 0-3 Data dianalisis secara statistik parametrik dengan ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter duodenum, tebal lapisan muskularis, dan panjang vili tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Skor kerusakan deskuamasi vili menunjukkan P0 menunjukkan vili normal (skor 0), P1 terdapat kerusakan sedang (skor 2), dan P2 terdapat kerusakan ringan (skor 1). Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa sediaan ekstrak etanol daun mimba dalam bentuk nanopartikel mampu memberikan efek proteksi terhadap kerusakan struktur duodenum tikus.

 

Neem is a medicinal plant that is generally consumed orally, oral conpsumption of drugs has a low level of bioavailability in the body. Nanochitosan able to encapsulate active compounds and distributing them throughout the systemic circulation and minimize toxic effects.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of treatment of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. juss) on the histological structure of the duodenum of female white rats. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 3 treatments and 4 replication. The treatments was devided into P0 (control), P1 (ethanol extract of neem leaves), and P2 (nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves), each treatment was given 2 ml/head/day for 21 days. The variables measured were duodenal diameter, muscularis layer thickness, villi length, and villi desquamation damage score by scoring with scores 0-3. Data were analyzed with ANOVA at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the duodenum diameter, muscularis layer thickness and villi length had no significant difference (p>0,05). The villi desquamation damage score P0 showed normal villi (score 0), P1 had moderate damage (score 2), and P2 had slight damage (score 1). The conclusion shows that treatment of neem leaf ethanol extract in the form of nanoparticles was able to protect the structure of the rat duodenum from damage.

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Keywords: deskuamasi; enkapsulasi; mimba; vili
Funding: Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro under contract 30191D/UN7.5.8.2/PG/2022

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