DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.10.1.2025.91-101

Teknologi Biopriming untuk Meningkatkan Perkecambahan dan Kolonisasi Mikroba Bermanfaat pada Benih Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis)

1Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Jacob Rais, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

2PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Jl Pulo Ayang Raya Blok OR-1, Kawasan Industri Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, Jakarta, 13930, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Biopriming merupakan teknik inovatif dalam meningkatkan daya kecambah dan kesehatan benih melalui kolonisasi mikroba menguntungkan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efek biopriming menggunakan konsorsium mikroba bermanfaat yang mengandung Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., dan Rhizobium sp. terhadap perkecambahan dan dinamika mikroba pada benih kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis). Studi dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dua faktor dengan tiga jenis perendaman (formula NB, formula Effervescent, dan air sebagai kontrol) dan tiga varietas benih (Nirmala, Lestari, Sejahtera). Parameter yang diamati adalah populasi mikroba sebelum dan setelah benih berkecambah serta daya kecambah benih kelapa sawit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biopriming meningkatkan jumlah bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen dan pelarut fosfat sebelum dan setelah perkecambahan, yang berdampak positif terhadap daya kecambah. Varietas Nirmala dan Lestari mengalami peningkatan daya kecambah yang signifikan, sedangkan varietas Sejahtera tidak menunjukkan perbedaan berarti. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa biopriming mikroba berpotensi diterapkan secara luas dalam produksi benih kelapa sawit, mendukung praktik pertanian berkelanjutan. Studi lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi mikroba dan mengevaluasi dampak jangka panjangnya pada produktivitas tanaman.

 

Biopriming is an innovative technique to enhance seed germination and health by promoting beneficial microbial colonization. This study evaluates the effects of biopriming using a consortium of beneficial microbes containing Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Rhizobium sp. on germination performance and microbial dynamics in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seeds. A randomized complete block design with a factorial approach was applied, involving three soaking treatments (NB formula, Effervescent formula and water as a control) and three seed varieties (Nirmala, Lestari, Sejahtera). The observed parameters were the microbial population before and after seed germination, as well as the germination rate of oil palm seeds. The data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The results indicate that biopriming significantly increased the abundance of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria before and after germination, positively impacting seed germination rates. Nirmala and Lestari varieties exhibited significant improvements in germination, whereas Sejahtera showed no substantial difference. This study confirms that microbial biopriming holds great potential for large-scale oil palm seed production, supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Further research is required to optimize microbial formulations and assess the long-term effects on plant productivity.

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Keywords: benih kelapa sawit; biopriming; mikroba bermanfaat; perkecambahan

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