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Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Tagetes erecta pada Cekaman Kadmium

Fakultas Biologi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Jalan Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga 50711, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Kadmium merupakan salah satu logam berat yang bersifat toksik dan dapat diserap oleh tumbuhan. Tagetes erecta merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki kemampuan toleransi yang tinggi terhadap cekaman logam berat, sehingga tanaman ini dapat digunakan sebagai agen fitoremediasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek dari cekaman logam berat pada proses perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan benih T. erecta pada media pupuk cair yang mangandung Cd. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap. Konsentrasi CdCl2 yang digunakan sebagai perlakuan antara lain 0 (kontrol), 25, 50, 100, dan 200ppm. Biji T. erecta dikecambahkan di dalam cawan petri yang dialasi dengan kertas merang dan ditutup dengan plastik berwarna gelap. Perkecambahan dilakukan di laboratorium. Parameter jumlah biji yang berkecambah diamati setiap hari selama 14 hari digunakan sebagai penentuan persentase perkecambahan dan indeks vigor kecambah. Pertumbuhan kecambah diamati pada parameter panjang radikula dan panjang hipokotil pada akhir penelitian. Pemberian perlakuan kadmium mempengaruhi secara nyata perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah T. erecta. Kadmium pada konsentrasi 100-200 ppm menghambat secara nyata perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah T. erecta. Pertumbuhan radikula T. erecta pada perlakuan Cd sebesar 25ppm menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih panjang dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Hal ini dikarenakan penambahan kadmium pada konsentrasi rendah sebesar 25ppm masih mampu ditoleransi dan merangsang pertumbuhan kecambah T. erecta.

 

Cadmium is one of the heavy metals that is toxic and can be absorbed by plants. Tagetes erecta is an ornamental plant that has a high tolerance to heavy metal stress, so this plant can be used as a phytoremediation agent.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heavy metal stress on the process of germination and growth of T. erecta seeds in liquid fertilizer media containing Cd. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design. The concentration of CdCl2 used as treatment included 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, and 200ppm. T. erecta seeds were germinated in a petri dish covered with straw paper and covered with dark colored plastic. Germination was carried out in the laboratory. The number of germinated seeds observed daily for 14 days was used to determine the germination percentage and vigor index of the sprouts. Sprout growth was observed in the parameters of radicle length and hypocotyl length at the end of the study. Cadmium treatment significantly affected the germination and growth of T. erecta sprouts. Cadmium at concentrations of 100-200 ppm significantly inhibited the germination and growth of T. erecta sprouts. Radicle growth of T. erecta in the Cd treatment of 25 ppm showed a longer size than the control treatment. This is because the addition of cadmium at a low concentration of 25 ppm can still be tolerated and stimulate the growth of T. erecta sprouts.

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Keywords: perkecambahan; kadmium; Tagetes erecta; logam beratt; toksisitas

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