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Respon Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Semai Bakau Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. Pada Komposisi Media Tanam yang Berbeda

Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Jacub Rais, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2023 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Pembibitan mangrove di luar habitat aslinya dibutuhkan dalam mendukung konservasi mangrove, khususnya Rhizophora mucronata. Media tanam merupakan faktor penting dalam pembibitan atau pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata. Komposisi media tanam yang sesuai akan menghasilkan struktur, porositas, drainase dan aerasi tanah terbaik untuk optimasi pertumbuhan semai mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata pada media tanam pasir, lumpur dan arang organik dengan komposisi yang berbeda dan mengetahui komposisi media tanam yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan semai tertinggi. Propagul R. mucronata ditanam pada campuran media pasir, lumpur dan arang organik dengan komposisi masing-masing adalah 3:3:1 (K1), 3:1:3 (K2), 1:3:3 (K3). Pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata yaitu: persentase kelangsungan hidup, peningkatan tinggi tanaman, peningkatan berat segar semai, jumlah akar, panjang akar, pola pertumbuhan plumula, waktu pembukaan daun pertama, jumlah daun dan diameter batang semai diamati setelah 9 minggu penanaman propagul. Semai dapat hidup dan bertahan pada semua campuran media semai. Pertumbuhan semai tertinggi yaitu: panjang akar, panjang plumula, pembukaan daun pertama, jumlah daun, persentase peningkatan tinggi batang dan diameter batang terjadi pada campuran media K2. Pertumbuhan semai terendah secara signifikan terdapat pada campuran media K1 dan K3. Campuran media dengan pembentukan struktur tanah yang baik mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata.

 

 

Mangrove nurseries outside their natural habitat were needed to support mangrove conservation, especially Rhizophora mucronata. The planting medium was essential in the nursery or growth of R. mucronata seedlings. The composition of the appropriate planting medium would produce the best soil structure, porosity, drainage and aeration to optimize the growth of mangrove seedlings. This study aims to determine the growth response of R. mucronata seedlings on sand, mud, and organic charcoal planting media with different compositions and to determine the composition of the planting medium that produces the highest seedling growth. Propagules of R. mucronata were planted in a mixture of sand, mud, and organic charcoal media with compositions of 3:3:1 (K1), 3:1:3 (K2), and 1:3:3 (K3), respectively. The growth of R. mucronata seedlings was: percentage of survival, increase in plant height, increase in seedling fresh weight, number of roots, root length, plumula growth pattern, time of first leaf opening, number of leaves and stem diameter of seedlings observed after nine weeks of propagules planting. Seedlings could live and survive in all seedling media mixes. The highest growth of seedlings, namely: root length, plumula length, first leaf opening, number of leaves, and the percentage increase in stem height and diameter, occurred in the K2 media mixture. The lowest seedling growth significantly was found in the K1 and K3 media mixture. Mixed media with the formation of good soil structure could increase the growth of R. mucronata seedlings.

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Keywords: Rhizophora; mangrove; struktur tanah; pertumbuhan; pasir

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