DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.8.2.2023.96-105

Efek Interaktif Selenium dan Kromium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Generatif Tagetes erecta L.

Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Jl. Diponegoro No. 52 – 60, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah,50711, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2023 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

 

Ffek toksik kromium (Cr) pada tanaman menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pertumbuhan. Penggunaan unsur mikronutrien selenium merupakan salah satu strategi yang efektif untuk menurunkan efek toksik logam berat termasuk Cr dan mengatur pertumbuhan serta perkembangan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis efek interaktif selenium dan kromium terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif Tagetes erecta.  Efek interaktif selenium dan kromium dikaji secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor yaitu konsentrasi ion kromat (CrO42-) dalam bentuk K2CrO4 dengan 3 level konsentrasi (0, 50 dan 100 mg//L), dan konsentrasi selenium dalam bentuk selenat (SeO42-) dengan 3 level konsentrasi (0 μM/L, 40 μM/L, dan 80 μM/L). Interaksi selenium dan kromium mempengaruhi secara nyata pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif T. erecta. Penambahan selenium 80 μM/L mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar dan jumlah bunga berturut-turut 8,5%, 11,5%, 4,5%, dan 6,0% dibandingkan tanaman kontrol (tanpa Se) pada tanaman dengan perlakuan Cr 50 mg/L. Pada penambahan Se sebesar 40 dan 80 μM/L, T. erecta dengan perlakuan Cr 100 mg/L terjadi penurunan tinggi tanaman dan panjang akar sebesar 5,4-5,9% dan 2,6-3,3% dibanding tanaman kontrol. Penambahan Se 40 dan 80 μM/L pada tanaman dengan perlakuan Cr 100 mg/L meningkatkan jumlah daun dan jumlah bunga secara nyata dibanding tanaman kontrol. Penelitian yang mengkaji tentang dosis dan peran Se dalam mekanisme toleransi terhadap logam Cr masih perlu dilakukan.  

 

The toxic effects of chromium (Cr) on plants is to cause growth changes. The use of the micronutrient selenium is an effective strategy to reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals including Cr and regulate plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to analyze the interactive effects of selenium and chromium on the vegetative and generative growth of Tagetes erecta. The interactive effect of selenium and chromium was studied experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely the concentration of chromate ion (CrO42-) in the form of K2CrO4 with 3 concentration levels (0, 50 and 100 mg//L), and the concentration of selenium in the form of selenat (SeO42-) with 3 concentration levels (0 μM/L, 40 μM/L, and 80 μM/L). The interaction of selenium and chromium significantly affects the vegetative and generative growth of T. erecta. The addition of 80 µM/L selenium was able to increase plant height, number of leaves, root length and number of flowers 8.5%, 11.5%, 4.5% and 6.0% compared to control plants (without Se), on plants treated with Cr 50 mg/L. The addition of Se of 40 and 80 μM/L, T. erecta with Cr 100 mg/L treatment reduced plant height and root length by 5.4-5.9% and 2.6-3.3% compared to control plants. In contrast, the addition of Se 40 and 80 μM/L to plants treated with Cr 100 mg/L significantly increased the number of leaves and the number of flowers compared to the control plants. Research that examines the dose and role of Se in the mechanism of tolerance to Cr metal still needs to be done.

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Keywords: kromat; selenat; fase pertumbuhan; Tagetes ereta; bunga

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