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Uji Fertilitas Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Setelah Paparan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica)

Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof Jacob Rais, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2022 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) mengandung senyawa antifertilitas yang dapat menekan kemampuan proses reproduksi baik pada jantan atau betina. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji ekstrak etanol daun mimba (A. indica) terhadap fertilitas tikus jantan dengan mengamati bobot testis, rasio kebuntingan, jumlah anak dan penurunan jumlah anak. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap menggunakan 32 ekor tikus jantan dan 36 ekor tikus betina. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing dengan 6 ulangan. Kelompok P0 adalah kontrol dengan hewan uji yang hanya diberi akuades, sedangkan P1, P2 dan P3 merupakan kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing diberi ektrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis 60, 80 and 100 mg/kgBB/hari. Bahan uji diberikan secara oral dengan volume 1ml selama 14 hari. Setengah dari jumlah hewan uji digunakan untuk pengamatan parameter bobot testis. Isolasi testis dilakukan setelah pemberian bahan uji berakhir. Uji kawin dilakukan pada hewan uji yang tersisa pada setiap kelompok perlakuan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata (p>0,05) pada bobot testis antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan, tetapi terjadi perbedaan nyata (p<0.05) penurunan rasio kebuntingan, jumlah anak dan persentase penurunan jumlah anak yang dihasilkan. Berdasar hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tikus jantan mengalami penurunan fertilitas setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis 60, 80 dan 100 mg/kgBB selama 14 hari.

 

Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) contain antifertility compounds that can suppress the ability of the reproductive process, both on male and female. The purpose of this study is to examine the ethanolic extract of Neem leaves (A. indica) on male rat fertility through observation in testicular weight, pregnancy ratio, litter size and litter size decrease. This experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD), with 32 male rats and 36 females divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replication on each. The P0 group is control group which treated with aquadest only; the treatment are P1, P2, and P3 which treated with ethanolic Neem leaves extract 60, 80 and 100 mg/kgBW/day. The treatment are given orally with 1 ml in volume, for 14 consecutive days. A half of total animal in every group were used to get the testis weight parameter. Testicular isolation is done after the treatment. The other animals of  were continued with mating test. The result showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the testicular weight of control group compared to treated groups, but there were significant differences (P<0,05) on pregnancy ratio, litter size and the percentage of litter size decrease.  The conclusion of this study is the fertility of male rats were decreased by administration of neem leaves ethanolic extract at doses of 60, 80, and 100 mg/kgBB with 14 consecutive days exposure time.

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Keywords: Azadirachta indica;antifertilitas;rasio kebuntingan

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