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Gambaran Histologi Ren Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemia Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss)

Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2021 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi (Bulletin of Anatomy and Physiology)

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Abstract
Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kelainan metabolic yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis yang disebabkan tidak cukupnya produksi insulin dan resistensi insulin. Diabetes telah diketahui dapat menyebabkan komplikasi berupa kerusakan pada jaringan ginjal. Mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) memiliki kandungan antioksidan flavonoid yang mampu menangkal radikal bebas dan memperbaiki jaringan ginjal yang rusak akibat diabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan 18 tikus putih yang menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan. P0 (kontrol normal) merupakan tukus normal diberi aquades. P1(Kontrol negatif) merupakan tikus hiperglikemia diberi aquades. P2 (kontrol positif) merupakan tikus hiperglikemia diberi glibenklamid dosis 2,25 mg/ kg BB. P3, P4, dan P5 merupakan tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Anova. Untuk data yang tidak terdistribusi normal diuji dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap bobot ginjal, konsumsi air minum, diameter glomerulus, ruang kapsula bowman, tebal sel epitel tubulus proksimal, dan tebal sel epitel tubulus distal. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol daun mimba  mampu melindungi jaringan ginjal tikus putih dari paparan hiperglikemia

 

Diabetes is  a metabolic disorder that treats chronic hyperglycemia caused by insufficient insulin production and insulin resistance. Diabetes has been  known to cause complications in the form of damage to kidney tissue. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) has flavonoid antioxidants that can ward off free radicals and repair kidney tissue damaged by diabetes. The purpose of the study was to examine the ethanol extract of neem leaves repairing kidney tissue. The study used 18 albino rats were divided into 6 treatment groups. P1 (negative control) was a hyperglycemic rats group were given distilled water. P2 (positive control) was a hyperglycemic rats were given 2.25 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide. P3, P4, and P5 were rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of ethanolic neem leaf extract The research data were analyzed by ANOVA. The non-normally distributed data were analyzed by  Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the ethanol extract of neem leaves had no significant effect on kidney weight, water consumption, glomerular diameter, bowman's capsule space, proximal tubular epithelial cell thickness, and distal tubular epithelial cell thickness. The conclusion of this study was  the ethanol extract of neem leaves  was able to protect the kidney tissue of white rats from hyperglycemia.

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Keywords: diabetes; glomerulus; kapsula bowman; tublus proksimal; tubulus distal
Funding: Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, UNDIP under contract 1970/UN.7.5.8/PP/2020

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