DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jwl.6.2.74-87

Aspek Ekologis dan Determinan Produksi Kopi Arabika Spesialti di Wilayah Dataran Tinggi Sumatera Utara

*Jef Rudiantho Saragih orcid  -  Program Studi Agribisnis, Universitas Simalungun, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

Citation Format:
Abstract
Monoculture farming of arabica coffee plantation does not support environmental sustainability. International market demands arabica coffee product in compliance with an environmentally friendly standard which promotes ecological-based management. This study aims to identify the ecological aspects of specialty arabica coffee cultivation, and to analyze the effect of shade tree population, the use of organic fertilizer, the pruning of coffee crop, land conservation, and the control of coffee berry borer on specialty arabica coffee production. The data of ecological aspect was collected from three regencies in North Sumatera Province, namely Simalungun, North Tapanuli, and Dairi. Production determinant was analyzed concerning farming cultivation in three districts of Simalungun Regency namely Sidamanik, Pamatang Sidamanik, and Dolok Pardamean. The location was determined with multi-stage cluster sampling and the farmer samples with simple random sampling. The ecological aspect was analyzed descriptively while the determinant of arabica coffee production was analyzed with multiple regression method. The result shows that the shaded arabica coffee farming covers only 32% of the total arabica coffee production in the study area with a population of 54 trees/ha. Land conservation conducted by the farmers utilizes coffee fruit mulch (92%), individual terrace (3%), rorak (4%), and bench terrace (1%). The arabica coffee farming system managed by the farmers consists of monoculture (30%), mix farming (24%), shade coffee (32%), and multistrata coffee (14%). The pruning of coffee plants and integrated control of coffee berry borer has a significant effect on specialty arabica coffee production. Land conservation, population of shade tree, and organic fertilizer are an important production determinant on arabica coffee production in the short-term. These three ecological variables play a role to maintain land preservation and support sustainable arabica coffee production in the long-term.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: ecological aspect; North Sumatera; production; specialty arabica coffee
Funding: Fakultas Pertanian dan LPPM Universitas Simalungun

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Aspek Ekologis dan Determinan Produksi Kopi Arabika Spesialti di Wilayah Dataran Tinggi Sumatera Utara Peran Kelompok Masyarakat dalam Rehabilitasi Ekosistem Mangrove di Pesisir Kota Semarang Development of Masterplan and Initial Program for Food Security in Papua Region, Indonesia More recent articles
  1. Arief, M. C. W., Tarigan, M., Saragih, R., & Rahmadani, F. (2011). Panduan sekolah lapangan: Budidaya kopi konservasi, berbagi pengalaman dari Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara. (I. Wijayanto & F. Mangunjaya, Eds.), Perpustakaan Nasional. Jakarta: Conservation International Indonesia
  2. Bernas, S. M. (2011). Effect of coffee pulp compost and terrace on erosion, run off and nutrients loss from coffee plantation in Lahat Regency, South Sumatera, 16(2), 161–167. doi: 10.5400/jts.2011.16.2.161
  3. Dariah, A., Susanti, E., & Fahmuddin, A. (2008). Simpanan karbon dan emisi Co2 lahan gambut. Retrieved from http://balittanah.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/dokumentasi/lainnya/ai dariah.pdf?secure=true
  4. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2011). Statistik perkebunan Indonesia: Kopi 2009-2012. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian
  5. Evizal, R., Prijambada, I. D., Widada, J., & Widianto, D. (2008). Layanan lingkungan pohon pelindung pada sumbangan hara dan produktivitas agroekosistem kopi. Pelita Perkebunan, 25(1), 23–37. Retrieved from https://iccri.net/download/Pelita Perkebunan/Vol 25 No 1 April 2009/Layanan Lingkungan Pohon Pelindung .pdf
  6. Evizal, R., Tohari, Prijambada, I. D., & Widada, J. (2012). Peranan pohon pelindung dalam menentukan produktivitas kopi. Jurnal Agrotropika, 17(1), 19–23
  7. Falahuddin, I., Raharjeng, A. R. P., & Harmeni, L. (2016). Pengaruh pupuk organik limbah kulit kopi (Coffea Arabica L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kopi. Jurnal Bioilmi, 2(2), 108–120. Retrieved from http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/bioilmi/article/download/1135/953
  8. Gujarati, D. N. (1988). Basic Econometrics (Second). McGraw Hill Book Company
  9. Hartatri, D. F. S., & de Rosari, B. (2011). Analisis usahatani dan rantai pemasaran kopi arabika di Kabupaten Manggarai dan Manggarai Timur. Pelita Perkebunan, 27(1), 55–67. Retrieved from https://iccri.net/download/Pelita Perkebunan/Vol 27 No 1 April 2011/Analisis Usahatani dan Rantai Pemasaran Kopi Arabika.pdf
  10. International Coffee Organization (ICO). (2017). Total production by all exporting countries. Retrieved from www.ico.org/prices/po-production.pdf
  11. International Trade Centre (ITC). (2011). Trends in the trade of certified coffee. Technical Paper. Geneva
  12. Kadir, S., Darmawidah, A., & Kanro, M. Z. (2004). Pengaruh pemangkasan terhadap pertumbuhan dan komponen produksi tanaman kopi. Jurnal Agrivor, 4(1), 15–20
  13. Kadir, S., & Kanro, M. Z. (2006). Pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi arabika. Jurnal Agrivigor, 6(1), 85–92
  14. Kementerian Pertanian. (2010). Pedoman umum pelaksanaan pengembangan/rehabilitasi kopi organik (specialty) tahun 2010. Jakarta: Departemen Pertanian, Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan
  15. Kementerian Pertanian. (2016). Outlook Kopi 2016. (L. Nuryati & A. Yasin, Eds.), Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Perkebunan. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian, Sekretariat Jenderal - Kementerian Pertanian. Retrieved from http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id/download/file/295-outlook-kopi-2016
  16. Lewin, B., Giovannucci, D., & Panayotis, V. (2004). Coffee markets: New paradigms in global supply and demand. World Bank Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 3. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.996111
  17. Mawardi, S. (2007). Promoting specialty coffee from Indonesia to be protected by Geographical Indication: A case study on Kintamani Bali Arabika. In Seminar on Georaphical Indications (GIs). Phnom Penh, Cambodia
  18. Mawardi, S. (2008). Geographic coffees from Indonesia and its potential to support world espresso coffee industry. In 39th International Coffee Day Conference. Trieste, Italy
  19. Mawardi, S. (2009). Establishment of geographical indication protection system in Indonesia, case in coffee. In Worldwide Symposium on Geographical Indications, jointly organized by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Patent Office of the Republic of Bulgaria, Sofia. Sofia, Bulgaria
  20. Mawardi, S., Hulupi, R., Wibawa, A., Wiryadiputra, S., & Yusianto. (2008). Panduan budidaya dan pengolahan kopi arabika gayo. Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia bekerjasama dengan APED, Bappeda NAD dan UNDP
  21. Moreira, C. F., Fernandes, E. A. D. N., & Tagliaferro, F. S. (2008). Shaded coffee: A way to increase sustainability in Brazilian Organic Coffee Plantations. In 16th IFOAM Organic World Congress. Modena, Italy
  22. Nazir, M. (2009). Metode penelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia
  23. Ottaway, A. (2007). A rapid assessment of the specialty coffee value chain in Indonesia. Michigan: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
  24. Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J., Mas, A., & Soto Pinto, L. (2005). Biodiversity, yield, and shade coffee certification. Ecological Economics, 54, 435–446. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.009
  25. Poudel, K. L., Yamamoto, S., Naoyuki, Y., Nishiwaki, A., & Kano, H. (2010). Estimation of production function and resource use condition of organic coffee cultivation in different Farm size and altitude categories in the Hill Region of Nepal. European Journal of Scientific Research, 45(3), 438–449
  26. Pratisto, A. (2009). Statistik menjadi mudah dengan SPSS 17. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo
  27. Pujiyanto. (2007). Pemanfaatan kulit buah kopi dan bahan mineral sebagai amelioran tanah alami. Pelita Perkebunan, 23(2), 159–172
  28. Rhinehart, R. (2009). What is specialty coffee? Retrieved July 4, 2016, from http://www.scaa.org/?page=RicArtp2
  29. Rubiyo, Trisnawati, W., Guntoro, S., & Destialisma. (2004). Pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang sapi terhadap produktivitas dan mutu kopi arabika di Bali. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sistem Integrasi Tanaman Ternak (pp. 396–400). Bogor: : Puslitbangnak
  30. Saragih, J. R. (2012). Pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi dan ekologi terhadap produksi kopi arabika spesialti dalam pengembangan ekonomi lokal di Kabupaten Simalungun. Universitas Sumatera Utara
  31. Sianturi, V. F., & Wachjar, A. (2016). Pengelolaan pemangkasan tanaman kopi arabika (Coffe arabica L.) di Kebun Blawan, Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Buletin Agrohorti, 4(3), 266–275. Retrieved from journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/bulagron/article/download/14242/10599
  32. Soto-Pinto, L., Perfecto, I., Castillo-Hernandéz, J., & Caballero-Nieto, J. (2000). Shade effects on coffee production at the Northern Tzeltal zone of the State of Chiapas, Mexico. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 80, 61–69
  33. Susilo, W. A. (2008). Ketahanan tanaman kopi (cofee spp.) terhadap hama penggerek buah kopi (Hypothenemus Hampei Ferr). Review Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao, 24(1), 1–14
  34. Suwarno, P., Supriyadi, & Ruspendi. (2005). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi kopi (Coffea sp.) robusta di Pekon Ciptawaras Kecamatan Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat. In Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Pengembangan Pertanian Lahan Kering (pp. 391–395). Bandar Lampung: BPTP Lampung
  35. Universitas Simalungun. (2011). Consultant for mentoring coffee farmer logbook and data collection in North Sumatra (Final Report Unpublished)
  36. Van Der Vossen, H. A. M. (2005). A critical analysis of the agronomic and economic sustainability of organic coffee production. Experimental Agriculture, 41(4), 449–473. doi: 10.1017/S0014479705002863
  37. Vega, F. E. (2011). The coffee berry borer: An overview. In Ninety-fifth Annual Meeting, Waikoloa, Hawaii. Pacific Branch of The Entomological Society of America. Retrieved from http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/ CBBSymposium11.aspx
  38. Verbist, B., Putra, A. E., & Budidarsono, S. (2004). Penyebab alih guna lahan dan a terhadap fungsi daerah aliran sungai (DAS) pada lansekap agroforestri berbasis kopi di Sumatera. Agrivita, 26(1), 29–38. Retrieved from www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Publications/files/book/BK0063-04-4.pdf
  39. Wahyudi, T., & Misnawi. (2007). Peluang dan tantangan komoditi kakao dan kopi untuk pasar Uni Eropa. Warta Pusat Penelitian Kopi Dan Kakao Indonesia, 23(3), 118–130
  40. Wollni, M., & Brümmer, B. (2009). Productive efficiency of specialty and conventional coffee farmers in Costa Rica: Accounting for technological heterogeneity and self-selection (Discussion Papers 13). Goettingen, Germany. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/got/gotcrc/013.html
  41. Yadessa, A., Burkhardt, J., Denich, M., Wolemariam, T., Bekel, E., & Goldbach, H. (2008). Effect of different indigenous shade trees on the quality of wild arabica coffee in the Afromontane Rainforests of Ethiopia. In ASIC 22nd International Conference on Coffee Science. Campinas, Brazil
  42. Zaenudin. (2009). Good agricultural practices and sustainable coffee production (Module Tra). Medan: International Finance Corporation (IFC) and PT. Indo Cafco

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.