Optimization of Natural Lip Tint Formulation Using Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru Leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Extracts with Enhanced Sun Protection Factor

Yunita Dwi Asari; Devano Gothicardo; Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono; Indah Hartati; Vita Paramita

doi:10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.28440

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.28440

Optimization of Natural Lip Tint Formulation Using Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru Leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Extracts with Enhanced Sun Protection Factor

Yunita Dwi Asari¹, Devano Gothicardo¹, Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono¹, Indah Hartati², Vita Paramita¹

¹Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational College, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Gubernur Mochtar, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Wahid Hasyim University, Jl. Menorah Tengah, Sampangan, 50263 Semarang, Indonesia

Received: 8 Jul 2025; Revised: 11 Dec 2025; Accepted: 11 Dec 2025; Available online: 13 Dec 2025; Published: 15 Dec 2025.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JVSAR28440,
    author = {Yunita Dwi Asari and Devano Gothicardo and Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono and Indah Hartati and Vita Paramita},
    title = {Optimization of Natural Lip Tint Formulation Using Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru Leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Extracts with Enhanced Sun Protection Factor},
    journal = {Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research},
  volume = {7},
    number = {1},
    year = {2025},
    keywords = {Anthocyanin; Betacyanin; Lip tint; Response Surface Methodology; Sun Protection Factor},
    abstract = {This study aimed to optimize the formulation of a natural lip tint utilizing red beet ( Beta vulgaris  L.) and Waru leaves ( Hibiscus tiliaceus  L.) extracts, with ZnO incorporated to enhance sun protection performance. The optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), employing three independent variables—extract ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4), homogenization speed (5,000–12,000 rpm), and homogenization time (4–10 min)—ultimately generating 16 formulation trials. Key phytochemical responses, including betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF, alongside stability parameters (pH, viscosity, and density), were systematically evaluated to assess formulation performance. The optimal formulation containing ZnO (F6) produced 0.0129% betacyanin, 0.0590% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 18.1, whereas the optimal formulation without ZnO (F15) yielded 0.0140% betacyanin, 0.0428% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 12.7. The RSM optimization model further predicted betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF values of 0.0104%, 0.0593%, and 13.89 for formulations with ZnO, and 0.0109%, 0.0434%, and 11.05 for formulations without ZnO. These outcomes demonstrate that extract ratio and homogenization conditions play a critical role in determining pigment concentration, stability, and UV-protective performance, confirming the feasibility of developing a plant-based lip tint with improved functional properties through ZnO-enhanced formulation optimization.},
   issn = {2684-8090},   pages = {21--29}  doi = {10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.28440},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jvsar/article/view/28440}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the formulation of a natural lip tint utilizing red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) extracts, with ZnO incorporated to enhance sun protection performance. The optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), employing three independent variables—extract ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4), homogenization speed (5,000–12,000 rpm), and homogenization time (4–10 min)—ultimately generating 16 formulation trials. Key phytochemical responses, including betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF, alongside stability parameters (pH, viscosity, and density), were systematically evaluated to assess formulation performance. The optimal formulation containing ZnO (F6) produced 0.0129% betacyanin, 0.0590% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 18.1, whereas the optimal formulation without ZnO (F15) yielded 0.0140% betacyanin, 0.0428% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 12.7. The RSM optimization model further predicted betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF values of 0.0104%, 0.0593%, and 13.89 for formulations with ZnO, and 0.0109%, 0.0434%, and 11.05 for formulations without ZnO. These outcomes demonstrate that extract ratio and homogenization conditions play a critical role in determining pigment concentration, stability, and UV-protective performance, confirming the feasibility of developing a plant-based lip tint with improved functional properties through ZnO-enhanced formulation optimization.

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Keywords: Anthocyanin; Betacyanin; Lip tint; Response Surface Methodology; Sun Protection Factor

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Section: Original Research Articles

Language : EN

In 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)

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