DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jpii.2026.32592

Kajian Hilirisasi Mineral Silika menuju Produksi Silikon Polikristalin Kualitas Sel Surya sebagai Pilar Ketahanan Energi Nasional

*Suhendra Suhendra  -  Program Studi Program Profesi Insinyur Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Heru Susanto  -  Program Studi Program Profesi Insinyur Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Received: 23 Jan 2026; Revised: 22 Feb 2026; Accepted: 24 Feb 2026; Available online: 26 Feb 2026; Published: 7 Jul 2026.

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Abstract

Kajian ini menganalisis secara komprehensif potensi hilirisasi mineral silika Indonesia menuju produksi silikon polikristalin (poly-Si) berkualitas sel surya sebagai fondasi kemandirian energi nasional. Penelitian dilakukan melalui integrasi analisis bibliometrik (Scopus 2015–2025), kajian rantai nilai produksi, serta benchmarking teknologi industri Silicon Products Bitterfeld (SPB), Jerman. Hasil bibliometrik menunjukkan dominasi riset pada klaster pemurnian metalurgi, kimia silika, dan aplikasi fotovoltaik, menegaskan urgensi keterhubungan antara riset material dan strategi industri. Estimasi teknis menunjukkan bahwa fasilitas poly-Si surya berkapasitas 1 GW memerlukan sekitar 48.000 ton batu kuarsa, 218 GWh listrik, dan 250.000 m³ air deionisasi per tahun. Tren teknologi global turut mengarah pada efisiensi tinggi (TOPCon, HJT, dan tandem), sehingga kebutuhan bahan baku ultrapure dan efisiensi energi menjadi penentu daya saing industri. Dari aspek ekonomi, estimasi capital expenditure (CAPEX) pada benchmark industri menunjukkan kebutuhan investasi sebesar USD 221 juta untuk kapasitas 1 GW, meningkat secara signifikan hingga mencapai USD 1,955 miliar pada skala 10 GW, sebagaimana tercantum dalam tabel perbandingan investasi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa hilirisasi silika tidak hanya bergantung pada ketersediaan bahan baku, tetapi juga pada efisiensi teknologi dan skala ekonomi, yang harus ditopang oleh kebijakan nasional dan kesiapan infrastruktur industri.


Kata kunci: fotovoltaik; kuarsa; sel surya; silika; silikon polikristalin; solar grade silicon

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