Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anxiety among Midwifery Students in Central Java Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Feri Anita Wijayanti; Wahyu Dwi Agussafutri; Tresia Umarianti; Yunia Renny Andhikatias; Desy Widyastutik; Nanda Meilawati

doi:10.14710/jphtcr.v5i1.13693

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v5i1.13693

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anxiety among Midwifery Students in Central Java Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Feri Anita Wijayanti¹

, Wahyu Dwi Agussafutri², Tresia Umarianti³, Yunia Renny Andhikatias³, Desy Widyastutik³, Nanda Meilawati³

¹Bachelor of Midwifery Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas , Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

²Graduate Diploma of Midwifery Program, Universitas Kusuma Husada, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

³Bachelor of Midwifery Program, Universitas Kusuma Husada, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 19 Feb 2022; Published: 30 Apr 2022.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPHTCR13693,
    author = {Feri Anita Wijayanti and Wahyu Dwi Agussafutri and Tresia Umarianti and Yunia Renny Andhikatias and Desy Widyastutik and Nanda Meilawati},
    title = {Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anxiety among Midwifery Students in Central Java Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic},
    journal = {Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region},
  volume = {5},
    number = {1},
    year = {2022},
    keywords = {anxiety; COVID-19; pandemic; midwifery; students},
    abstract = {  Introduction:  The government has issued ‘the adaptation to new habits’ policy as there was a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and analyze the associated factors of anxiety among midwifery students.   Method:  A cross-sectional study was conducted among midwifery students who are living and studying in Central Java Province from October 1 to October 25, 2020 using convenience sampling. The number of participants who met the criteria in the study was 1135. The online self-reported questionnaire was developed, which comprised sociodemographic characteristics, health-related information, and anxiety using The Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with p-value <0.05 as the cut-off point for significance.   Results  :  The prevalence of anxiety comprised of mild (9.7%), moderate (1.4%), and severe (1%), respectively. Exposure to a suspected case (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 4.6, p = 0.02) and age (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.5, 0.9, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with anxiety. Students who were having contact with suspected COVID-19 was a 2.8 times greater risk of having anxiety. Students aged < 20 years was a 1.53 times greater risk of anxiety than those aged ≥ 20 years.   Conclusions  :  This study reveals that exposure to a suspected case and less than 20 years old were the risk factors of a higher anxiety levels among the midwifery students. Prevention and impact reduction intervention should be conducted. },
   issn = {2597-4378},   pages = {1--9}  doi = {10.14710/jphtcr.v5i1.13693},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jphtr/article/view/13693}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Introduction: The government has issued ‘the adaptation to new habits’ policy as there was a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and analyze the associated factors of anxiety among midwifery students.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among midwifery students who are living and studying in Central Java Province from October 1 to October 25, 2020 using convenience sampling. The number of participants who met the criteria in the study was 1135. The online self-reported questionnaire was developed, which comprised sociodemographic characteristics, health-related information, and anxiety using The Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with p-value <0.05 as the cut-off point for significance.

Results: The prevalence of anxiety comprised of mild (9.7%), moderate (1.4%), and severe (1%), respectively. Exposure to a suspected case (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2, 4.6, p = 0.02) and age (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.5, 0.9, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with anxiety. Students who were having contact with suspected COVID-19 was a 2.8 times greater risk of having anxiety. Students aged < 20 years was a 1.53 times greater risk of anxiety than those aged ≥ 20 years.

Conclusions: This study reveals that exposure to a suspected case and less than 20 years old were the risk factors of a higher anxiety levels among the midwifery students. Prevention and impact reduction intervention should be conducted.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: anxiety; COVID-19; pandemic; midwifery; students

Funding: Kusuma Husada University

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 5, No 1 (2022): Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region

Recent articles

Readiness of Water Sanitation and Hygiene Facilities (WASH) as an Effort to Prevent COVID-19 Transmission in Elementary Schools at Ngaliyan District, Semarang City Path Analysis : Public Health Impacts Overview in High Natural Background Radiation Area in Botteng, West Sulawesi of Indonesia Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anxiety among Midwifery Students in Central Java Province during the COVID-19 Pandemic More recent articles

Indonesia Health of Ministry. Situasi Terkini Perkembangan Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) : Data dilaporkan sampai 14 Februari 2022. 2022
Djalante R, Lassa J, Setiamarga D, Sudjatma A, Indrawan M, Haryanto B, et al. Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Progress in Disaster Science. 2020;6:100091-
Indonesia Health of Ministry. Surat Edaran Nomor HK.02.01/Menkes/382/2020 tentang Protokol Pengawasan Pelaku Perjalanan dalam Negeri di Bandar Udara dan Pelabuhan dalam rangka Penerapan Kehidupan Masyarakat Produktif dan Aman terhadap Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2020
World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report - 10 : Data as of: 03 June 2020. 2020
Indonesia Health of Ministry. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan no. HK. 01.07/Menkes/382/2020 tentang Protokol Kesehatan bagi Masyarakat di Tempat dan Fasilitas Umum dalam Rangka Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2020. Available at http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/KMK_No__HK_01_07-MENKES-382-2020_ttg_Protokol_Kesehatan_Bagi_Masyarakat_di_Tempat_dan_Fasilitas_Umum_Dalam_Rangka_Pencegahan_COVID-19.pdf
Indonesia Po. Instruksi Presiden (INPRES) tentang Peningkatan Disiplin dan Penegakan Hukum Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019 2020. Available at https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/142625/inpres-no-6-tahun-2020#:~:text=INPRES%20No.%206%20Tahun%202020,Disease%202019%20%5BJDIH%20BPK%20RI%5D
Elhessewi GMS, Almoayad F, Mahboub S, Alhashem AM, Fiala L. Psychological distress and its risk factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2021;28(1):7
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020
Aylie NS, Mekonen MA, Mekuria RM. The Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Bench-Sheko Zone, South-west Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020;13:813-21
Samreen S, Siddiqui NA, Mothana RA. Prevalence of Anxiety and Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Study. BioMed Research International. 2020;2436538
Wathelet M, Duhem S, Vaiva G, Baubet T, Habran E, Veerapa E, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Disorders Among University Students in France Confined During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA network open. 2020;3(10):e2025591-e
Baloch GM, Sundarasen S, Chinna K. COVID-19: exploring impacts of the pandemic and lockdown on mental health of Pakistani students. 2021;9:e10612
Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-6
Halperin SJ, Henderson MN, Prenner S, Grauer JN. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development. 2021;8:2382120521991150
Essangri H, Sabir M, Benkabbou A, Majbar MA, Amrani L, Ghannam A, et al. Predictive Factors for Impaired Mental Health among Medical Students during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Morocco. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2021;104(1):95-102
Ma Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Chen D, Wang T, Zhang Z, et al. Mental health problems and correlates among 746 217 college students during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29:e181-e
Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e21279-e
Islam MA, Barna SD, Raihan H, Khan MNA, Hossain MT. Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(8):e0238162
Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112934
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. 2020;17(5)
Setyowati A, Chung M-H, Yusuf A. Development of self-report assessment tool for anxiety among adolescents: Indonesian version of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale. Journal of Public Health in Africa. 2019;10(1s)
Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry. 1971;12(6):371-9
Dunstan DA, Scott N. Assigning clinical significance and symptom severity using the Zung scales: Levels of misclassification arising from confusion between index and raw scores. Depression Research and Treatment. 2018
Zung WW. How normal is anxiety?: Upjohn Company; 1980
Sundarasen S, Chinna K, Kamaludin K. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown among University Students in Malaysia: Implications and Policy Recommendations. 2020;17(17)
Kalok A, Sharip S, Abdul Hafizz AM, Zainuddin ZM, Shafiee MN. The Psychological Impact of Movement Restriction during the COVID-19 Outbreak on Clinical Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(22):8522
Shamsuddin K, Fadzil F, Ismail WS, Shah SA, Omar K, Muhammad NA, et al. Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian university students. Asian J Psychiatr. 2013;6(4):318-23
Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):e37-e8
Kuliukas L, Hauck Y, Sweet L, et al. A cross sectional study of midwifery students' experiences of COVID-19: Uncertainty and expendability. Nurse Educ Pract. 2021;51:102988. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.102988

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Starting in 2021, the author(s) whose article is published in the JPHTCR journal attain the copyright for their article. By submitting the manuscript to JPHTCR, the author(s) agree with this policy. No special document approval is required.

The author(s) guarantee that their article is original, written by the mentioned author(s), has never been published before, does not contain statements that violate the law, does not violate the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is held exclusively by the author(s), and is free from the rights of third parties, and that the necessary written permission to quote from other sources has been obtained by the author(s).

The author(s) retain all rights to the published work, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:

Copyright and other proprietary rights related to articles, such as patents,
The right to use the substance of the article in its own future works, including lectures and books,
The right to reproduce articles for its own purposes,
The right to archive articles yourself (please read our deposit policy), and
The right to enter into separate additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of published versions of articles (for example, posting them to institutional repositories or publishing them in a book), with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region).
If the article was prepared jointly by more than one author, each author submitting the manuscript warrants that they have been given permission by all co-authors to agree to copyright and license notices (agreements) on their behalf, and agree to notify the co-authors of the terms of this policy. JPHTCR will not be held responsible for anything that may arise because of the writer's internal dispute. JPHTCR will only communicate with correspondence authors.

Authors should also understand that once published, their articles (and any additional files, including data sets, and analysis/computation data) will become publicly available. The license of published articles (and additional data) will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently featured on the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. JPHTCR allows users to copy, distribute, display and perform work under license. Users need to attribute the author(s) and JPHTCR to distribute works in journals and other publication media. Unless otherwise stated, the author(s) is a public entity as soon as the article is published.