Treatment Delivery Verification Using Thimble Chamber and IMRT Phantom

Muhammad Asif; Aasia Razzaq; Nauman Amjid; Tariq Siddique; Habib Ahmad; Shoab Shah; Javaid Ali

doi:10.14710/jpa.v8i3.31599

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jpa.v8i3.31599

Treatment Delivery Verification Using Thimble Chamber and IMRT Phantom

Muhammad Asif - Swat Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy (SINOR) Saidu Sharif Swat, KPK, Pakistan., Pakistan

Aasia Razzaq - Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore (INMOL) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan., Pakistan

Nauman Amjid - Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore (INMOL) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan., Pakistan

Tariq Siddique - Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad, Pakistan., Pakistan

Habib Ahmad - Swat Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy (SINOR) Saidu Sharif Swat, KPK, Pakistan., Pakistan

Shoab Shah - Swat Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy (SINOR) Saidu Sharif Swat, KPK, Pakistan., Pakistan

*Javaid Ali

- Swat Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy (SINOR) Saidu Sharif Swat, KPK, Pakistan., Pakistan

Received: 14 Mar 2026; Revised: 20 Aug 2026; Accepted: 20 Aug 2026; Available online: 31 Aug 2026; Published: 31 Aug 2026.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPA31599,
    author = {Muhammad Asif and Aasia Razzaq and Nauman Amjid and Tariq Siddique and Habib Ahmad and Shoab Shah and Javaid Ali},
    title = {Treatment Delivery Verification Using Thimble Chamber and IMRT Phantom},
    journal = {Journal of Physics and Its Applications},
  volume = {8},
    number = {3},
    year = {2026},
    keywords = {IMRT, Dose verification, Radiotherapy, Ion chamber.},
    abstract = { In external beam radiotherapy, over radiation dose results in severe side-effects, but under radiation dose decreases the probability of treatment for cancer patients. The purpose of the article was to verify treatment dose delivery in radiotherapy of the cancer patients using single point dose verification method. Computed tomography (CT) simulation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) phantom with slot-in ion chamber was done. The IMRT phantom was set on the treatment table of LINAC (Siemens) with FC65-P Farmer type thimble chamber for radiation dose measurement. Different plans were prepared on prowess panther treatment planning system (TPS) using CT images of IMRT Phantom. The monitor units (MU) and doses were calculated for both photon algorithms i.e. Collapsed Cone Convolution Superposition (CCCS) and Fast Photon (FP) algorithms. The calculations for treatment dose verification were done for both 6MV and 15MV energies produced by LINAC (Siemens) at central axis as well as off axis beams. The percentage difference between the measured and calculated dose was less than 1% except for those plans which have greater number of posterior beams. These percentage errors were slightly greater than 1% but well within international recommended limits of ±3% as per ICRU and AAPM. The percentage error in radiotherapy treatment delivery within limit confirms accurate radiotherapy treatment dose delivery with LINAC at the institute. The couch attenuation correction factor while calculating dose on treatment planning system. },
   issn = {2622-5956},  doi = {10.14710/jpa.v8i3.31599},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/view/31599}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

In external beam radiotherapy, over radiation dose results in severe side-effects, but under radiation dose decreases the probability of treatment for cancer patients. The purpose of the article was to verify treatment dose delivery in radiotherapy of the cancer patients using single point dose verification method. Computed tomography (CT) simulation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) phantom with slot-in ion chamber was done. The IMRT phantom was set on the treatment table of LINAC (Siemens) with FC65-P Farmer type thimble chamber for radiation dose measurement. Different plans were prepared on prowess panther treatment planning system (TPS) using CT images of IMRT Phantom. The monitor units (MU) and doses were calculated for both photon algorithms i.e. Collapsed Cone Convolution Superposition (CCCS) and Fast Photon (FP) algorithms. The calculations for treatment dose verification were done for both 6MV and 15MV energies produced by LINAC (Siemens) at central axis as well as off axis beams. The percentage difference between the measured and calculated dose was less than 1% except for those plans which have greater number of posterior beams. These percentage errors were slightly greater than 1% but well within international recommended limits of ±3% as per ICRU and AAPM. The percentage error in radiotherapy treatment delivery within limit confirms accurate radiotherapy treatment dose delivery with LINAC at the institute. The couch attenuation correction factor while calculating dose on treatment planning system.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download | Cover Letter

Cover Letter

Subject
Type	Cover Letter
	Download (27KB) Indexing metadata

Email colleagues

Keywords: IMRT, Dose verification, Radiotherapy, Ion chamber.

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 8, No 3 (2026): August 2026

Zhang, J., et al., A method for in vivo treatment verification of IMRT and VMAT based on electronic portal imaging device. Radiation Oncology, 2021. 16: p. 1-15
Schlegel, W., et al., New Technologies in Radiation Oncology. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008. 49(4): p. 683-684
Emami, B., Tolerance of normal tissue to therapeutic radiation. Reports of radiotherapy and Oncology, 2013. 1(1): p. 123-7
Abdollahi, H., et al., Radiomics-guided radiation therapy: opportunities and challenges. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2022. 67(12): p. 12TR02
Zhang, W., et al., Real-time, volumetric imaging of radiation dose delivery deep into the liver during cancer treatment. Nature Biotechnology, 2023: p. 1-8
Singh, S., P. Raina, and O. Gurjar, Point Dose Measurement for Verification of Treatment Planning System using an Indigenous Heterogeneous Pelvis Phantom for Clarkson, Convolution, Superposition, and Fast Superposition Algorithms. Journal of Biomedical Physics & Engineering, 2019. 9(6): p. 613
Koka, K., et al., Technological advancements in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT): An indispensable tool for cancer treatment. Cancer Management and Research, 2022: p. 1421-1429
Khan, F.M., The physics of radiation therapy. 2010: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Sharpe, M.B., IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 430: Commissioning and Quality Assurance of Computerized Planning Systems for Radiation Treatment of Cancer. Medical Physics, 2006. 33(2): p. 561-561
Al Amri, I., et al., Radiotherapy pre-treatment dose validation: A second verification of monitor units (MU) with a commercial software. Journal of medical physics/Association of Medical Physicists of India, 2012. 37(4): p. 235
Low, D.A., et al., Dosimetry tools and techniques for IMRT. Medical physics, 2011. 38(3): p. 1313-1338
I'mRT Phantom User's Guide. 2003, IBA Dosimetry: Germany
TRS, I., 398" Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: An international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2000
Ali, J., et al., Estimation of net percent error in radioiodine-131 activity during administration to patients. Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2023. 13(1): p. 20-20
Ali, J., A.U. Khan, and S. Ali, Theoretical comparison of absorbed dose estimation using dose commitment formula and medical internal radiation dose in radioactive iodine-131 therapy. Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2020. 10(1): p. 1-4
Bhangle, J.R., V.S. Narayanan, and S.A. Deshpande, Dose linearity and uniformity of Siemens ONCOR impression plus linear accelerator designed for step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Journal of Medical Physics/Association of Medical Physicists of India, 2007. 32(3): p. 103
Venselaar, J., H. Welleweerd, and B. Mijnheer, Tolerances for the accuracy of photon beam dose calculations of treatment planning systems. Radiotherapy and oncology, 2001. 60(2): p. 191-201
Botha, J.J., The evaluation of an algorithmic model, created for the image guided radiotherapy treatment couch for integration into the Pinnacle Treatment Planning System. 2020, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

As an article writer, the author has the right to use their articles for various purposes, including use by institutions that employ authors or institutions that provide funding for research. Author rights are granted without special permission.

Author who publishes a paper at Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA) has the broad right to use their work for teaching and scientific purposes without the need to ask permission, including: used for (i) teaching in the author's class or institution, (ii) presentation at meetings or conferences and distributing copies to participants ; (iii) training conducted by the author or author's institution; (iv) distribution to colleagues for research use; (v) use in the compilation of subsequent authors' works; (vi) inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; (vi) reuse of part of the article in another work (with citation); (vii) preparation of derivative works (with citation); (viii) voluntary posting on open websites operated by authors or author institutions for scientific purposes (follow the CC BY-SA License).

Authors and readers can copy and redistribute material in any media or format, and mix, modify, and build material for any purpose but they must provide appropriate credit (provide article citation or content), providing links to the license, and indicate if there are changes.

The authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA). Copyright encompasses rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations.

Reproduce any part of this journal, its storage in the database or its transmission by all forms or media is permitted does not need for written permission from JPA. However, it should be cited as an honor in academic manners

JPA and the Department of Physics Diponegoro University and the Editor make every effort to ensure that there are no data, opinions, or false or misleading statements published in JPA. However, the content of the article is the sole and exclusive responsibility of each author.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form JPA]. The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editor in the form of printed letters, scanned documents sent via email or fax.

Dr. Eng. Ali Khumaeni, M.E. (Editor in Chief)

Editorial Office of Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Email: jpa@live.undip.ac.id