Association between Hyperglycemia and Prostate Volume in Patients with Benign Prostate Enlargement : A Hospital Case-Control Study

Eriawan Agung Nugroho -  Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Indonesia
*Rickky Kurniawan -  Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Received: 15 Dec 2017; Published: 31 Dec 2017.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
Full Text:
In Vol 3, No 2 (2017): December 2017
Statistics: 335 204
Abstract

Introduction: Prostate is a male organ which might enlarge mostly, either benign or malignant. Hyperglycemia is one of the factor that increase the risk of  benign prostate hyperplasia. There is lack of studies which assessed the relationship between benign prostate hyperplasia and isolated hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between hyperglycemia and prostate volume in patients with benign prostate enlargement in dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang.  

Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data which obtained from 640 men between 2010 and 2012 who admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of benign prostate enlargement. By their medical records, these patients were evaluated of their plasma glucose level and prostate volume by trans rectal ultrasound. The  presence  of  hyperglycemia  was  determined  based  on  the  American  Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Patients have already been diagnosed with controlled diabetes mellitus by an internist. We allocated the subjects into two groups: patients with hyperglycemia and non-hyperglycemia. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether hyperglycemia was associated with the increased risk of benign prostate enlargement.

Results: Significant difference of prostate volume found between groups. Prostate volume was  significantly greater in hyperglycemia group compared with non-hyperglycemia ones in all sub-groups based on age (in decades). Odds Ratio (OR) in patients with hyperglycemia was 2.25 (95% CI: 1.23-4.11). By non-parametric Spearman test it obtained  Group 1 (P1) p = 0.000 and r = 0.669, group 2 (P2) it obtained p = 0.000 and r = 0.672, group 3 (P3) it obtained p = 0.000 and r = 0.415 which implied strong positive association

Conclusion: Hyperglycemia and prostate volume were significantly associated in patients with benign prostate enlargement. Hyperglycemia became a significant risk factor  for  prostate  enlargement  in  patients  with  benign  prostate  enlargement  in dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang.

Keywords
hyperglycemia; benign prostate enlargement

Article Metrics:

  1. Birowo P, Rahardjo D. Pembesaran Prostat Jinak. Jurnal Kedokteran & Farmasi Medika. 2002. No 7 tahun ke XXVIII.
  2. Dharmojo B, Martono H. Buku Ajar Geriatri (untuk kesehatan usia lanjut). Edisi 2. Jakarta : FKUI. 2000.
  3. Roehborn, Calus G, McConnell, John D. Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Natural History of Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In : Campbell’s Urology. 8th ed. W.B. Saunders ; 2002. p. 1297-1330
  4. Suwandi Sugandi. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Kelenjar Prostat serta Kontrol Hormonal terhadap Fungsi Prostat. 2007. URL : http://www.urologi.or.id.
  5. Tim redaksi Vita Health. Prostat. Jakarta : PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama ; 2003
  6. Walsh, Patrick C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In : Campbell’s Urology. 6th ed. W.B. Saunders ; 2015. p.1009-1025Kasper JS, Giovannucci E. A meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. 2006;15:2056–2062
  7. Hans. (2008). Jumlah Penderita Diabetes Melitus diIndonesia Meningkat. Diakses pada 14 September 2011 dari http://www.nttonlinenews.com/ntt/index.php?view=article&id=1105%3Ajumlahpenderitadiabetesmelitusdiindonesiameningkat&option=com_content&Itemid=70
  8. AUA practice guidelines committee. AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2003). Chapter 1: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol 170: 530-547, 2003
  9. Ozden, John., De la Rossette JJMH, Alivizatos G, Madersbacher S, Nording J, Emberton M, dan Sanz CR. EAU guidelines on benign prostatic Hyperplasia (PPJ). Eur Urol 40: 256-263, 2006
  10. Parson., Aruna., F. Olumi., Aria. Diabetes, growth hormone-insuline-like growth factor pathways and association to benigna prostatic hyperplasia. Elsevier. 2011. Volume 82 : 261-271.
  11. Hammrsten., Wallner, Lauren P., et al. Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, and the Risk of BPH/LUTS Severity and Progression Over Time in Community Dwelling Black Men: The Flint Mens Health Study. Elsevier. 2013. Volume 82: 881-886.
  12. Dahle., Vikram, Ajit., et al. Insulin-resistance and benign prostatic hyperplasia:The connection. European Journal of Pharmacology. Volume 641:75-81

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc., will be allowed only with a written permission from Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University.

Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Diponegoro University (JBTR) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

The Copyright Transfer Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form JBTR] 

The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :  
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus UNDIP Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275, Telp.: +62-24-8412311, Fax.: +62-24-8454714
Email: jbtr@fk.undip.ac.id and jbtr@live.undip.ac.id