DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v8i3.13982

The Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine and Honey Against Lungs Damage of Mice (Mus Musculus) After Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Histological Study

Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura, Indonesia

Received: 1 Apr 2022; Revised: 17 Oct 2022; Accepted: 18 Oct 2022; Available online: 30 Dec 2022; Published: 30 Dec 2022.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that could cause lung damage. Honey and N-Acetylcysteine have antioxidant effects that could play a role in preventing lung damage.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of honey and N-Acetylcysteine on lung histological features of mice (Mus musculus) after exposure to cigarette smoke.

Methods: This research is an actual experimental study with post-test only control group design. There were 25 adult male mice selected and divided into four groups, i.e., the standard control group (not given exposure or treatment); the negative control group (received 0.2 mL of aqua bidest and exposure to cigarette smoke); the first treatment group (received 0.2 ml of honey and exposure to cigarette smoke); the second treatment  group (received 0.2 mL of N-Acetylcysteine and exposure to cigarette smoke). The treatment was carried out every day for 21 days.

Result: One way ANOVA statistical test showed significant differences between the experimental groups (p<0.001). Mice in the group that was only received aqua bidest (negative control group) had the highest percentage of lung damage (76.6%) compared to mice from other groups. The lowest percentage of lung damage was found in the treatment group that received NAC (26.6%). Tukey test showed no significant differences in the lung damage between honey and N-Acetylcysteine groups (p=0.685).

Conclusion: Honey and N-Acetylcysteine demonstrated some protective effect against lung damage of mice as a result of cigarette smoking exposure. Further research is recommended by extending the treatment time, increasing the exposure to cigarettes smokes per day, as well as varying the dose of honey and N-Acetylcysteine administered

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Exposure tocigarette smoke; Honey; Lung Histology; Mice (Mus musculus); N-Acetylcysteine

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Rationality of Use and Effectiveness of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients: An Experience from A Tertiary Intensive Care Unit Thyroid Profile of Childhood Tuberculosis Treated with Anti Tuberculosis Drug During Intensive Phase The Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine and Honey Against Lungs Damage of Mice (Mus Musculus) After Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Histological Study Genetic Counseling in a Couple with Primary Infertility Cervical Leiomyoma in Pre-Menopausal Woman: A Case Report More recent articles
  1. Sahin H, Naz I. The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on smoking and health outcomes in COPD patients. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(8):855–62. DOI: 10.1111/crj.13373
  2. World Health Organization. Tabacco. WHO. 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
  3. Caliri A., Thommas T, Besaratinia A. Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer. Physiol Behav. 2022;787:1–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108365
  4. Meilina. Extra virgin olive oil lowered the levels of MDA (Malondialdehyde) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) male Wistar strains exposed to cigarette smoke. Med Sci Dig. 2017;8:97–101. DOI: 10.1556/ism.v8i2.118
  5. Barnes PJ. Oxidative stress-based therapeutics in COPD. Redox Biol. 2020;33(April):101544. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101544
  6. Mir B, Mustaq A, Rizwan A, Bashir F, Jabeen U, Behlil F, et al. Comparison of Antioxidant Enzymes in Natural and Commercial Honey. PJMLS. 2022;5(1):31–8. DOI: 10.31580/pjmls.v5i1.2422
  7. Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T, Samini F. Honey and health: A review of recent clinical research. Pharmacognosy Res. 2017;9(2):121–7. DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.204647
  8. Hariton E, Locascio JJ. Randomised controlled trials : the gold standard for effectiveness. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;125(13):1–4. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15199
  9. Ridwan E. Etika Pemanfaatan Hewan Percobaan dalam Penelitian Kesehatan Ethical Use of Animals in Medical Research. J Indon Med Assoc. 2013;63(3):112–6
  10. Idrus HR Al. Test the antioxidant activity of mecca leek ethanol extract (Eleutherine Americana merr.) against the histopathology picture of the lungs of rats (Rattus norvegicus) of male Wistar after exposure to cigarette smoke. Tanjungpura Medical Faculty; 2014
  11. Sujarweni V. SPSS for research. Print 1. Yogyakarta: New Library press; 2014
  12. Lugg ST, Scott A, Parekh D, Naidu B, Thickett DR. Cigarette smoke exposure and alveolar macrophages: Mechanisms for lung disease. Thorax. 2022;77(1):94–101. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216296
  13. Morsch ALBC, Wisniewski E, Luciano TF, Comin VH, Silveira G de B, Marques S de O, et al. Cigarette smoke exposure induces ROS-mediated autophagy by regulating sestrin, AMPK, and mTOR level in mice. Redox Rep. 2019;24(1):27–33. DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2019.1601448
  14. Jonathan S, Damayanti T, Antariksa B. Patofisiologi Emfisema. J Respirologi Indones. 2019;39(1)
  15. Hikichi M, Mizumura K, Maruoka S, Gon Y. Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(Suppl 17):S2129–40. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.43
  16. Dzugan M, Tomczyk M, Sowa P, Grabek-Lejko D. Antioxidant activity as biomarker of honey variety. Molecules. 2018;23(8):1–14. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082069
  17. Sawicki T, Ruszkowska M, Shin J, Starowicz M. Free and conjugated phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activities of honeybee products of polish origin. Eur Food Res Technol. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04041-8
  18. Mumtaz PT, Muzamil S, Rather MA, Dar K. Therapeutic Applications of Honey and its Phytochemicals. Therapeutic Applications of Honey and its Phytochemicals. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6799-5
  19. Ahmed S, Sulaiman SA, Baig AA, Ibrahim M, Liaqat S, Fatima S, et al. Honey as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Its Molecular Mechanisms of Action. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018. DOI: 10.1155/2018/8367846
  20. Tenório MCDS, Graciliano NG, Moura FA, de Oliveira ACM, Goulart MOF. N-acetylcysteine (Nac): Impacts on human health. Antioxidants. 2021;10(6). DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060967
  21. Ezeriņa D, Takano Y, Hanaoka K, Urano Y, Dick TP. N-Acetyl Cysteine Functions as a Fast-Acting Antioxidant by Triggering Intracellular H 2 S and Sulfane Sulfur Production. Cell Chem Biol. 2018;25(4):447-459.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.011
  22. Yuniasturi A. The molecular basis of mutation and its role as an antioxidant. Semarang State University; 2016
  23. Aldini G, Altomare A, Baron G, Vistoli G, Carini M, Borsani L, et al. N-Acetylcysteine as an antioxidant and disulfide breaking agent: the reasons why. Free Radic Res. 2018;52(7):751–62. DOI: 10.1556/ism.v8i2.118

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.