skip to main content

Decoding Regional Diversity: Physical and Socio-Economic Development Typology of Sub-Districts in Bogor Regency

Vely Brian Rosandi orcid scopus  -  1) Division of Regional Development Planning, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, , Indonesia
*Andrea Emma Pravitasari orcid scopus  -  1) Division of Regional Development Planning, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, , Indonesia
Rifa Amalia Cesarini  -  Division of Regional Development Planning, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, , Indonesia
Received: 9 Feb 2025; Accepted: 3 Jun 2025; Available online: 25 Oct 2025; Published: 4 Jun 2025.
Editor(s): Ratri Werdiningtyas, Ph.D
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 The Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Bogor Regency as part of the Jabodetabek Megacity, serves as a satellite area for Jakarta and exhibits significant potential for land cover change. This study aims to: (1) analyze land cover change dynamics; (2) assess regional development levels in 2019 and 2022; (3) classify regions based on physical, social, and economic characteristics; and (4) analyze regional typology using the Sub-District Development Index (SDI), Human Development Index (HDI), and land cover percentage. Data from 2019 and 2022, including land cover maps, administrative maps, village potential, and HDI, were analyzed using overlay techniques, scalogram analysis, Klassen typology, and k-means clustering. Results indicate significant reductions in rice fields and dry agricultural land, primarily converted to built-up areas, especially in Cibinong Sub-district, driven by increased demand for space and economic facilities. Most regions in Bogor Regency exhibit low to very low development levels based on the availability and accessibility of education, health, and economic facilities. Klassen typology reveals a disparity, with some sub-districts progressing while others lag behind. The regional typology identifies three categories: rural areas in the east and west, urban areas in the north, and suburban areas dispersed across sub-districts.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Research Instrument
Figures
Subject
Type Research Instrument
  Download (6MB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Human Development Index; Klassen Typology; Land Cover Changes; Sub-District Development Index
Funding: Directorate of Research and Community Service (DPRM), Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Republic of Indonesia under contract Contract no: 027/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024Re.

Article Metrics:

  1. Aklile, Y., & Fekadu, B. (2014). Examining drivers of land use change among pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Land Science, 4(9), 402-413
  2. Andriamasari, H., Mulyani, E., & Setiawan, B. (2015). Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan arahan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang di Kabupaten Bogor. Tata Loka, 17(2), 87-101
  3. Anisyaturrobiah, A. (2021). Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Geografi, 13(1), 25-36
  4. Ariyani, S., Amsyir, A. A., Destaniel, I., & Anisafarah, S. (2023). Land use change in Dramaga Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, West Java. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web, 10(8), 1–12
  5. Astuti, W.A. (2022). Dampak alih fungsi lahan pertanian terhadap ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 28(1), 1-18
  6. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bogor. (2023). Kabupaten Bogor dalam angka 2023
  7. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bogor. (2024). Kabupaten Bogor dalam angka 2024
  8. Bakri, S. (2017). Tipologi wilayah peri-urban: Kajian kasus di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, 28(1), 1-18
  9. Bernaciak, A. (2014). The concept and typology of regions. Regional Development and the Baltic Sea Region, 15(57), 85-94
  10. Copeland, S.M. (2017). Potential impacts of overlapping land‐use and climate in a sensitive dryland: A case study of the Colorado Plateau, USA. Ecosphere, 8(5), e01823
  11. Copernicus. (2020). Global dynamic land cover
  12. Djalante, S. (2019). Analysis of the implementing green road construction: Progress and barriers (Study of West Java – Indonesia). International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and Development, 9(3), 37-50
  13. Fajarini, R., Barus, B., & Panuju, D.R. (2015). Dinamika perubahan penggunaan lahan dan prediksinya untuk tahun 2025 serta keterkaitannya dengan perencanaan tata ruang 2005-2025 di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Tanah dan Lingkungan, 17(1), 8-15
  14. Fajri, R.H. (2021). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi indeks pembangunan manusia di Provinsi Riau. ECOUNTBIS: Economics, Accounting and Business Journal, 1(1), 212-222
  15. Firdaus, P. (2020). Pengembangan wilayah perbatasan sebagai upaya pemerataan pembangunan wilayah di Indonesia. Sol Justicia, 3(1), 74-82
  16. Firman, T. (2009). The continuity and change in mega-urbanization in Indonesia: A survey of Jakarta–Bandung Region (JBR) development. Habitat International, 33(4), 327-339
  17. Firman, T. (2014). Inter-local-government partnership for urban management in decentralizing Indonesia: From below or above? Kartamantul (Greater Yogyakarta) and Jabodetabek (Greater Jakarta) compared. Space and Polity, 18(3), 215-232
  18. Ghozali, A., & Kautsar, A. (2022). Tipologi wilayah berbasis indeks pembangunan desa: Studi kasus Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan, 10(1), 1-14
  19. Kalsum, U., & Jinca, M.Y. (2017). Strategi pengembangan transportasi massal di wilayah suburban Makassar. Jurnal Transportasi Multimoda, 15(1), 33-38
  20. Kusuma, S. E., & Sukendra, D. M. (2016). Analisis spasial kejadian demam berdarah dengue berdasarkan kepadatan penduduk. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 5(1), 48-56
  21. Kusumah, R.D., Warsito, B., & Mukid, M.A. (2017). Perbandingan metode k-means dan self organizing map (Studi kasus: Pengelompokan kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah berdasarkan indikator indeks pembangunan manusia 2015). Jurnal Gaussian, 6(3), 429-437
  22. Latue, H.A., Rustiadi, E., & Pravitasari, A.E. (2023). Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 25(1), 11-20
  23. Libriyanto, A., Rustiadi, E., & Pravitasari, A.E. (2022). Dinamika spasial perkembangan wilayah peri-urban: Studi kasus Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, 33(1), 1-15
  24. Liu, J. (2018). Integration of climate change considerations into forestry policy-making and forestry planning tools. Forest Policy and Economics, 90, 176-186
  25. Lumbantoruan, E. P., & Hidayat, P. (2014). Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia (Metode kointegrasi). Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 2(2), 14-27
  26. Merlina, Dewantara, E. J., & Putri, R. F. (2023). Settlement mapping analysis as land use change monitoring in Bogor Regency sub-urban area. E3S Web of Conferences, 468, 06014
  27. Misbah, M. (2019). Leading commodities of livestock subsector in Riau Islands Province. Jurnal Ilmiah Agro Ekonomi, 29(2), 185
  28. Mulya, S. P., Munif, M., Pravitasari, A. E., Rustiadi, E., & Widiatmaka, W. (2022). Land use and spatial planning in the border area of Bogor Regency and Bogor City, West Java Province, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 950(1), 012099
  29. Munandar, T. A., & Wardoyo, R. (2016). Fuzzy-Klassen model for development disparities analysis based on gross regional domestic product sector of a region. International Journal of Computer Applications, 123(7), 17-22
  30. Munibah, K., & Widiatmaka, W. (2019). Prediksi perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Bogor menggunakan cellular automata markov. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 21(2), 72-80
  31. Murtadho, A., Pravitasari, A.E., Munibah, K., & Rustiadi, E. (2018). Perkembangan wilayah dan perubahan tutupan lahan di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 8(2), 161-169
  32. Muta'ali, L. (2015). Teknik analisis regional untuk perencanaan wilayah, tata ruang dan lingkungan. Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi UGM
  33. Ningrum, K. S. P., Khafid, M., & Arif, M. (2020). Analysis of the human development index in Bali Province from 2017–2021. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 247, 228-239
  34. Noviyanti, D., Pravitasari, A.E., & Sahara, S. (2020). Analisis perkembangan wilayah provinsi jawa barat untuk arahan pembangunan berbasis wilayah pengembangan. Jurnal Geografi, 12(1), 280-296
  35. Nurhasanah, A., Juanda, B., Intan, E., & Putri, K. (2018). Analisis kelayakan dan strategi pengembangan wilayah dalam wacana pembentukan daerah otonom baru Bogor Timur. Tata Loka, 20(3), 282-294
  36. OECD. (2011). OECD regional typology. OECD Publishing
  37. Panuju, D.R., & Rustiadi, E. (2013). Teknik analisis perencanaan pengembangan wilayah. Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB
  38. Pielke, R., Mahmood, R., & McAlpine, C. (2022). Land use and land cover changes and their impacts on regional climate. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 13(1), e745
  39. Prasetyo, A. (2017). Pola spasial penjalaran perkotaan bodetabek: Studi aplikasi model shannon's entropy. Jurnal Geografi Gea, 16(2), 144-160
  40. Pratomo, A. (2019). Analisis tingkat perkembangan wilayah kecamatan di Kabupaten Sleman. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, 8(3), 1-10
  41. Pravitasari, A.E., Indraprahasta, G.S., Rustiadi, E., Rosandi, V.B., Wulandari, S., Stanny, Y.A., Priatama, R.A., & Murtadho, A. (2024). Dynamics and predictions of urban expansion in Java, Indonesia: Continuity and change in mega-urbanization. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 13(102), 1-18
  42. Pravitasari, A.E., Rustiadi, E., & Saizen, I. (2015). Toward the development of sustainable metropolitan regions in Indonesia: Case study of Jabodetabek. In Sustainable urban development in the Asian mega-cities (pp. 233-252). Springer
  43. Pravitasari, A.E., Rustiadi, E., & Saizen, I. (2016). Exploring local driving force of increasing urbanized area in Java using geographically weighted regression (GWR). International Symposium on the Education & Research of the Global Environmental Studies in Asia & The 11th Inter-University Workshop on Education and Research Collaboration in Indochina Region, Bangkok
  44. Pravitasari, A.E., Rustiadi, E., Mulya, S.P., & Fuadina, L.N. (2018). Identifying the driving factors of urban expansion and its environmental impact in Jakarta-Bandung mega urban region. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 149(1), 012044
  45. Pravitasari, A.E., Rustiadi, E., Mulya, S.P., Setiawan, Y., Fuadina, L.N., & Murtadho, A. (2019). Developing regional sustainability index as a new approach for evaluating sustainability performance in Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 26(7), 565-576
  46. Pravitasari, A.E., Rustiadi, E., Mulya, S.P., Fuadina, L.N., & Murtadho, A. (2020). Impact of rapid urban expansion on the local environment and ecological footprint: A case study of Bogor City, Indonesia. Sustainability, 12(22), 9348
  47. Pravitasari, A.E., Rustiadi, E., Mulya, S.P., Setiawan, Y., & Fuadina, L.N. (2022). Developing a composite index to measure regional sustainability: A case study in Indonesia. Sustainable Cities and Society, 76, 103506
  48. Pravitasari, A.E., Saizen, I., Tsutsumida, N., Rustiadi, E., & Pribadi, D.O. (2015). Local spatially dependent driving forces of urban expansion in an emerging Asian megacity: The case of Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek). Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 108-119
  49. Pravitasari, A.E., Saizen, I., Tsutsumida, N., Rustiadi, E., & Pribadi, D.O. (2017). Local spatially dependent driving forces of urban expansion in an emerging Asian megacity: The case of Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek). Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 108-119
  50. Rajab, A., & Rusli, R. (2019). Penentuan sektor-sektor unggulan yang ada pada Kabupaten Takalar melalui analisis tipologi klassen. GROWTH Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Pembangunan, 1(1), 16-38
  51. Ricky, Rustiadi, E., & Barus, B. (2017). A projection of land needed for settlements and conversion of paddy fields in Solok City. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 28(3), 186-203
  52. Rosandi, V. B., Pravitasari, A. E., & Rachendra, A. S. (2024). The dynamics of land cover change and level of sustainability development in Depok City. Jurnal Pengembangan Kota, 12(1), 35–49
  53. Rustiadi, E., & Nasution, A. (2017). Can land use changes be treated as a regional development policy? Case study: Jakarta-Bandung mega urban region. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 54(1), 012009
  54. Rustiadi, E., Pribadi, D.O., Pravitasari, A.E., Indraprahasta, G.S., & Iman, L.S. (2015). Jabodetabek megacity: From city development toward urban complex management system. In Urban development challenges, risks and resilience in Asian mega cities (pp. 421-445). Springer
  55. Rustiadi, E., Pravitasari, A.E., Setiawan, Y., Mulya, S.P., Pribadi, D.O., & Tsutsumida, N. (2021). Impact of continuous Jakarta megacity urban expansion on the formation of the Jakarta-Bandung conurbation over the rice farm regions. Cities, 111, 103000
  56. Rustiadi, E., Saefulhakim, S., & Panuju, D.R. (2011). Perencanaan dan pengembangan wilayah. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia
  57. Sari, D.P., & Mulyani, E. (2021). Analisis pola pergerakan komuter Bogor-Jakarta dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan wilayah. Jurnal Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota), 10(1), 1-10
  58. Sipayung, H.T. (2019). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konversi lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 3(3), 449-460
  59. Sitepu, V. V., & Rahmawati, F. (2022). Analisis pusat pertumbuhan dan sektor ekonomi dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan. AKUNTABEL: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 19(1), 1-12
  60. Sultani, A. M. (2016). Pengembangan wilayah berbasis pendekatan sosial ekonomi di Kabupaten Barru Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Plano Madani: Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, 5(1), 8-17
  61. Tobias, S. (2016). Preserving ecosystem services in urban regions: Challenges for planning and best practice examples from Switzerland. Ecosystem Services, 21, 72-78
  62. Trimarmanti, T. K. E. (2014). Evaluasi perubahan penggunaan lahan kecamatan di daerah aliran sungai cisadane Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan, 2(1), 55-72
  63. Tulenan, Y. F., Pangemanan, P., Rumagit, G. A. J., & Tangkere, E. G. (2014). Perkembangan jumlah penduduk dan luas lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Ejurnal Unsrat, 4(1), 1-14
  64. Utami, I. W. S. (2014). Analisis peran kecamatan cibinong sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen, 10(2), 161-178
  65. Verburg, P. H., Crossman, N., Ellis, E. C., Heinimann, A., Hostert, P., Mertz, O., & Zhen, L. (2015). Land system science and sustainable development of the earth system: A global land project perspective. Anthropocene, 12, 29-41
  66. Wang, J. (2016). Land use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China: Present, trend and future. Land Use Policy, 58, 210-220
  67. Xiangping, H. (2020). Recent global land cover dynamics and implications for soil erosion and carbon losses from deforestation. Environmental Research Letters, 15(12), 124033

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.