Studi Poliembrio Biji Jeruk Sambal (Citrus x amblycarpa (Haask.) Osche) Sebagai Batang Bawah

Abstract

Citrus x amblycarpa sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat, sebagai batang bawah karena toleran terhadap Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat poliembrioni biji jeruk sambal dan mengamati viabilitas biji dan vigor bibit jeruk sambal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati jumlah embrio menggunakan mikroskop dan dengan penyemaian biji. Ekstraksi biji dan pengamatan dilakukan di Laboratorium Botani Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Riau. Penyemaian biji dilakukan di Jalan Kubang Jaya, Pekanbaru. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan persentase poliembrioni biji jeruk sambal pada pengamatan mikroskopis sebesar 27,85% dan pada biji monoembrioni sebesar 72,14%. Hasil semaian menunjukkan persentase multiple seedling sebesar 14%, semaian tunggal 75,33%, dan bibit mati 10,66%. Rerata laju perkecambahan biji jeruk sambal paling cepat (9,3 hari) dan paling lambat (12,2 hari). Indeks kecepatan perkecambahan paling cepat pada kategori bobot buah kecil yaitu 6,4 dengan laju perkecambahan 12,2 hari. Rerata tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, panjang akar tertinggi dihasilkan oleh bobot buah besar dengan rerata tinggi bibit sebesar 7,21cm±2,33; jumlah daun sebesar 2,64 helai± 0,71; panjang akar tunggang sebesar 4,38 cm±1,9; dan jumlah akar cabang sebesar 2,8±1,31. Biji jeruk sambal bersifat poliembrioni dan  persentase perkecambahan sebesar 89,33%, rerata persentase poliembrioni sebesar 15,66%.

Jeruk sambal always used by the community in Lubuk Alung District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra, as a rootstock because it’s tolerant to Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV). This research aims to study the level of polyembryony in chili orange seeds and observe seed viability and vigor of chili orange seedlings.  This research was carried out by observing the number of embryos using a microscope and observing the number of embryos by sowing seeds. Seed extraction and observations were carried out at the Botany Laboratory, Biologi Department, FMIPA, Riau University. Seed sowing is carried out on Kubang Jaya, Pekanbaru.The results of this story showed that the percentage of polyembryonic chili orange seeds on microscopic observations was 27.85% and that of monoembryonic seeds were 72.14%.  The Seedling results showed that the percentage of multiple seedlings was 14%, single seedlings were 75.33%, and dead seedlings were 10.66%.  The germination rate was the fastest (9.3 days) and the slowest (12.2 days). The fastest germination speed index in the small fruit weight category is 6.4 with a germination rate of 12.2 day The highest average seed height, number of leaves, root length was produced by large fruit weight with an average seed height is 7.21cm ± 2.33; number of leaves of 2.64 ± 0.71; tap root length of 4.38cm ± 1.9; and the number of branch roots was 2.8 ± 1.31. Chili oranges seeds are polyembryonic and the germination percentage is 89.33%, the average polyembryonic percentage is 15.66%.