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Rendemen Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) dengan Metode Pengeringan yang Dikombinasi dengan Kain Penutup

Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Jacob Rais, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2024 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Kualitas jahe merah ditentukan oleh kandungan minyak atsiri yang mudah menguap. Kombinasi cabinet solar dryer (CSD) sebagai alat pengering yang dikombinasikan dengan kain penutup dapat mempengaruhi rendemen minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi metode pengeringan dengan penambahan kain penutup terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri jahe merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pengeringan dengan cabinet solar dryer dan metode terbuka tanpa alat. Faktor kedua adalah tanpa kain, 1 lapis kain dan 2 lapis kain penutup. Parameter yang diamati adalah volume minyak atsiri, rendemen minyak atsiri, kadar air, susut bobot, suhu pengeringan, kelembaban udara, dan morfologi jahe. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengeringan rimpang jahe, yang telah diiris dengan ketebalan 5 mm. Rendemen minyak atsiri dianalisis dengan metode destilasi uap dan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara metode pengeringan dan kain penutup terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri. Rendemen tertinggi (0,98%) diperoleh dengan metode pengeringan matahari langsung dengan 1 lapis kain penutup. Kadar air terendah dan susut bobot tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan matahari langsung tanpa kain penutup sebesar 13,04% dan 79,93%. Perlakuan optimal dalam meningkatkan volume dan rendemen minyak atsiri diperoleh pada metode pengeringan matahari terbuka dengan 1 lapis kain penutup. Metode pengeringan dengan alat CSD tanpa kain penutup menghasilkan minyak atsiri yang tinggi sebesar 0,6%.

 

The quality of red ginger is determined by its volatile essential oil content.  A cabinet solar dryer (CSD) combined with a cloth cover can affect the yield of ginger essential oil. This study aims the effect of the drying method combined with cover cloth on the yield of red ginger essential oil. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern 2 x 3 with 3 repetitions. The parameters observed were essential oil volume and yield, water content, weight loss, drying temperature, drying humidity, and ginger morphology. The method used was dried rhizome chopped with a thickness of 5 mm. The essential oils were analyzed by steam and water distillation. The results showed that there was an interaction between the two treatments for essential oil yields. The highest essential oil yield (0.98%) was obtained from direct sunlight with 1 layer of cloth. The lowest water content and highest weight loss were found in direct sun without covering cloth at 13.04% and 79.93%. Optimal treatment in increasing oil volume and essential oil yield was obtained by drying in the open sun with 1 layer of cloth cover. Drying with a CSD without a cover cloth produces a high essential oil.


 

 

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Keywords: pengeringan tertutup; kadar air; susut bobot

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