Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Terhadap Struktur Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Jantan Hiperglikemia

Abstract

Hiperglikemia merupakan kondisi medis yang diindikasikan dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah. Hiperglikemia dapat menyebabkan kondisi diabetes yang dapat merusak struktur histologis jaringan hepar. Mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang dikenal di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Ekstrak etanol daun mimba mengandung antioksidan flavonoid yang dapat membantu dalam perbaikan jaringan hepar yang rusak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek ekstrak etanol daun mimba dalam perbaikan struktur histologis hepar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) sebanyak 18 ekor dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan dan 3 kali perulangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 27 hari. P0 (kontrol normal) tikus kondisi normal diberi akuades. P1 (kontrol negatif) tikus kondisi hiperglikemi diberi akuades. P2 (kontrol positif) tikus kondisi hiperglikemi diberi glibenklamid dosis 2.25 mg/kg BB. P3, P4, dan P5 merupakan kelompok tikus hiperglikemi yang diberi perlakuan ekstrak etanol daun mimba dengan dosis masing-masing 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB. Kondisi hiperglikemi tikus diinduksi dengan pemberian aloksan dengan dosis 120 mg/kgBw. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova pada signifikansi 95%, sedangkan data yang tidak terdistribusi secara normal dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba berpengaruh nyata pada parameter diameter hepatosit dan skala kerusakan hepatosit (P<0,05), namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada parameter hepatosomatik indeks (P>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) dosis 400mg/KgBB efektif melindungi jaringan hepar tikus putih jantan dari kondisi hiperglikemia akibat induksi aloksan

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition indicated by the abnormally high blood sugar level in one’s body. Hyperglycemia usually leads to diabetes which is known to be capable of damaging the histological structures of liver tissues. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) is a well-known medicinal plant in various regions. Ethanolic extract of neem leaves contains the antioxidant flavonoid that can help repair damaged liver tissues. The aim of this research was to analyze the healing properties of the neem leaves ethanol extracts to the damaged liver tissues. This research used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model with a total of 18 male white rats which were divided into 6 treatment groups and 3 iterations. The research was carried out for 27 days. P0 (Normal control) the group of rats in normal condition were given distilled water. P1 (negative control) the group of rats in hyperglycemic condition were given distilled water. P2 (Positive control) the group of rats in hyperglycemic condition were given glibenclamide with the dose of 2.25 mg/kg Body Weight. P3, P4, and P5 were the group of rats in hyperglycemic conditions who were given neem leaves ethanol extract with doses each 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg Body Weight. The hyperglycemic condition in rats was induced by administration of 120 mg/kgBw of alloxan. The findings from the research were analyzed using the Anova test at a 95% significance rate. As for the data that was not normally distributed, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the dataset. The results showed that the administration of neem leaves ethanol extract had a significant effect on the parameters of hepatocyte diameter and the scale of hepatocyte damage (P<0.05), but did not significantly affect the parameter of the hepatosomatic index (P>0.05). The conclusion of this study was that the ethanolic extract of neem leaves with the dose of 400 mg/Kg body weight can indeed effectively protect and repair the damages induced by the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in male white rats.