DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.7.2.2022.144-152

Penghambatan Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Tagetes erecta pada Media Mengandung Kromium Heksavalen

Fakultas Biologi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Jl. Diponegoro No. 52-60, Salatiga, Kec. Sidorejo, Kota Salatiga, Jawa Tengah 50711., Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2022 Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi

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Abstract

Perkecambahan biji merupakan fase kritis yang menentukan kelangsungan hidup dan toleransi tanaman pada lingkungan tercemar logam berat. Krom heksavalen (Cr6+) adalah salah satu logam berat yang bersifat toksik bagi tumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui efek Cr6+ terhadap perkecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan kecambah Tagetes erecta. Uji perkecambahan biji dan pertumbuhan kecambah dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi Cr6+ (K2CrO4) meliputi 0 (kontrol), 5, 25, dan 50 mg/L. Jumlah biji berkecambah diamati setiap hari selama 10 hari dan digunakan untuk menentukan persentase perkecambahan dan indeks vigor kecambah. Pertumbuhan kecambah ditentukan berdasarkan panjang radikula dan panjang epikotil, dan bobot kering kecambah pada akhir penelitian. Cr6+ mempengaruhi secara signifikan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah T. erecta.  Konsentrasi Cr6+ sebesar 5, 25 dan 50 mg/L menurunkan secara signifikan (p<0,05) persentase perkecambahan, indeks vigor kecambah, panjang radikula, panjang epikotil, dan bobot kering kecambah. Bobot kering kecambah T. erecta pada perlakuan Cr6+ 25 mg/L meningkat signifikan dibanding kontrol dan perlakuan Cr6+ lainnya, karena meskipun pertumbuhan memanjang epikotil dan radikulanya terhambat, namun diameter epikotil dan radikulanya tumbuh lebih besar dan lebih tebal sehingga mendukung lebih besarnya bobot kering. Hasil penelitian diharapkan mendukung pengembangan potensi dan pemanfaatan T. erecta sebagai agen fitoremediasi Cr.

 

Seed germination is a critical phase that determines plant survival and tolerance in heavy metal polluted environments. Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a heavy metal that is toxic to plants. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of Cr6+ on the germination and sprout growth of Tagetes erecta. The seed germination and sprout growth tests were carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design with 4 concentrations of Cr6+ (K2CrO4) treatment including 0 (control), 5, 25, and 50 mg/L. The number of seeds that germinated was observed every day for 10 days, used to determine the percentage of germination and seedling vigor index. The sprout growth was determined based on radicle length and epicotyl length, and dry weight of sprouts at the end of the study. Cr6+ significantly affected the germination and sprouts growth of T. erecta. The Cr6+ concentrations of 5, 25 and 50 mg Cr6+/L significantly reduced (p<0.05) germination percentage, seedling vigor index, radicle length, epicotyl length, and wet weight of sprouts. The dry weight of T. erecta sprouts in the Cr6+ 25 mg/L treatment increased significantly compared to the control and other Cr6+ treatments, because although the elongation of the epicotyl and radicle was inhibited, the diameter of the epicotyl and radicle grew larger and thicker thus supporting a greater dry weight. These results are expected to support the potential development and utilization of T. erecta as a phytoremediation agent for Cr.

 

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Keywords: perkecambahan, kromium heksavalen, Tagetes erecta, logam berat, toksisitas

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