DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i4.721-732

Current Developments of Legal Instruments to Prevent and Control of Pollution In The Straits of Malacca

*Pulung Widhi Hari Hananto  -  Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest straits in the world, with more than 60,000 vessels through the strait per year. This strait is located in a strategic location to connect the west part and east part of the world. However, the number of vessels transit and pass through the strait affects marine environmental issues. Pollution, especially vessel-based sources, may affect marine life. To settle the issues along with the boundary issue, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have entered into some agreements to cooperate to manage the Strait of Malacca since the 1970s. Recently, the concept of Cooperative Mechanism has been developed. Several meetings amongst these states have been done with some positive deals. With this concept, the littoral states believe that it can prevent, reduce, and control of marine pollution in the Strait of Malacca. However, more progress is still needed to enhance from the implementation of the Cooperative Mechanism.

 

Keywords: Strait of Malacca, Pollution, Marine, Environment, Cooperative Mechanism.

Fulltext View|Download

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Penyatuan Pembinaan Pengadilan Pajak Hukum dan Studi Penelitian Empiris: Penggunaan Metode Survey sebagai Instrumen Penelitian Hukum Empiris Menuju Penyederhanaan Partai Politik di Indonesia serta Dampaknya Terhadap Persatuan Bangsa More recent articles
  1. Abdul Haseeb Ansari, Prevention, Abatement and Control of Pollution of Straits: An Appraisal With Special Reference To The Straits Of Malacca, [2005] 3 MLJ XXXVII
  2. Adirini Pujayanti, Budaya Maritim, Geo-Politik dan Tantangan Keamanan Indonesia, Bagian Kesatu, 2011, http://berkas.dpr.go.id/pengkajian/files/buku_lintas_tim/buku-lintas-tim-3.pdf, 15 May 2014
  3. A. G. Mazlan, C C Zaidi, W M Wan-Lotfi & B H R Othman, On the Current Status of Coastal Marine Biodiversity in Malaysia, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol. 34(1) pp 76-87, 2005
  4. Alan Tan Khee Jin, Control of Pollution in the Straits Of Malacca and Singapore: Modalities of Co-operation – Rapporteur’s Report, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law 2, pp 269- 283, 1998
  5. Australia – Papua New Guinea Treaty on sovereignty and maritime boundaries in the area between the two countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and related matters, 18 December 1978
  6. Bernard H. Oxman, Observations on the Interpretation and Application of Article 43 of UNCLOS with Particular Reference to the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 408-426, 1998
  7. Capt Rakish Suppiah, Oil Spills Responding To the Risk Portrayed In the Straits Of Malacca, Malayan Law Journal Articles [2009] 1 MLJ Cxlvi
  8. Carrie R. Woolley, Piracy and Sovereign Rights: Addressing Piracy in the Straits of Malacca without Degrading the Sovereign Rights of Indonesia and Malaysia, Santa Clara Journal of International Law, Vol. 8, Issue 2 (2010), pp. 447-472
  9. Chua Thia-Eng, Ingrid R.L. Gorre, S. Adrian Ross, Stella Regina Bernad, Bresilda Gervacio, and M. Corazon Ebarvia, The Malacca Straits, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 41, Nos. 1-6, pp 160-178, Elsevier Science Ltd., 2000
  10. Chua Thia-Eng, Marine Pollution Prevention and Management in The East Asian Seas: A Paradigm Shift in Concept, Approach and Methodology, Marine Pollution Bulletin 39, Vol. 39, Nos. 1-12, pp 80-88, Elsevier Science Ltd., 1999
  11. E.D. Brown, The International Law of the Sea Volume II: Documents, Cases and Tables, Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited, 1994
  12. European Institute for Asian Studies (EIAS) Briefing Seminar Report, the Straits of Malacca: Managing Strategic Waters in South-East Asia, 2011
  13. Goh Kim Chuan & Mark Cleary, Environment and Development in the Straits of Malacca, Vol. 10, Routledge, 2005 (GOOGLE BOOK)
  14. George, Mary, Legal Regime of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, Lexis Nexis-Singapore, 2008
  15. H.M Ibrahim & Nazery Khalid, Growing Shipping Traffic In the Strait of Malacca: Some Reflections on the Environmental Impact, Maritime Institute Malaysia, 2007
  16. Indonesia – Malaysia Continental Shelf Boundary 1969
  17. Indonesia – Malaysia Territorial Sea Boundary 1971
  18. Indonesia – Singapore Territorial Sea Boundary 1974
  19. Jeanine B. Womble, Freedom of Navigation, Environmental Protection, and Compulsory Pilotage in Straits Used for International Navigation, Naval Law Review, Vol. 61, pp 134-15, 2012
  20. Koji Sekimuzu, Jean-Claude Sainlos & James N. Paw, The Marine Electronic Highway in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore - An Innovative Project for the Management of Highly Congested and Confined Waters, International Maritime Organization, 2001
  21. Maki Teramoto, Shu Yeong Queck & Kouhei Ohnishi, Specialized Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria Prevailing in Seawater around a Port in the Strait of Malacca, PLOS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue, 6, 2013
  22. Mark Heah Eng Siang, Implementation of Mandatory Ship Reporting in the Malacca and Singapore Straits , Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law 2, pp 345 – 345, 1999
  23. Mark J. Valencia, Malaysia and the Law of the Sea : The Foreign Policy Issues, the Option and Their Implications, Institute of Strategic and International Studies, 1991
  24. Mary George, Adequacy of National Laws for Malaysian Ocean Governance for the Next Decade, International Journal of Legal Information, Vol. 40, Issue 1 and 2, pp 202-256, 2012
  25. Mohd Hazmi Bin Mohd Rusli, Protecting Vital Sea Lines Of Communication: A Study Of The Proposed Designation of The Straits of Malacca and Singapore as A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area, Ocean & Coastal Management 57, pp 79-94, Elsevier Ltd., 2012
  26. Mohd Hazmi Bin Mohd Rusli, Navigational Hazards in International Maritime Chokepoints: A Study of The Straits Of Malacca And Singapore, Journal of International Studies, Vol. 8, 2012
  27. Mohd Hazmi Bin Mohd Rusli, The Legal Feasibility Of The Imposition Of A Traffic Limitation Scheme In Straits Used For International Navigation: A Study Of The Straits Of Malacca And Singapore, International Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp 122-130, 2011
  28. Mokhzani Zubir, The Strategic Value of the Strait Of Malacca, Analysis paper, Maritime Institute of Malaysia, 2004
  29. Nazery Khalid, With a Little Help from My Friends: Maritime Capacity-building Measures in the Straits of Malacca, Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs 31, No. 3, 2009
  30. Nazery Khalid & Mohd Nizam Basiron, Securing Energy Transportation in the Straits of Malacca, Ocean Yearbook, Vol. 22, pp. 513-534, 2008
  31. Raul (Pete) Pedrozo, Encroachment on Navigational Freedoms, International Law Studies. US Naval War College, Vol. 84, Issue 1, pp 85-96, 2008
  32. Robert Beckman, Singapore Strives to Enhance Safety, Security, and Environmental Protection in Its Ports and in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, Ocean and Coastal Law Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 2, pp 167-200, 2009
  33. Robert C Beckham, The International Legal Regime Governing The Safety Of Navigation And The Prevention Of Pollution In International Straits, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law 2, pp 350 – 392, 1998
  34. R.R. Churchill & A.V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea, 3rd Edition, Manchester University Press, 1999
  35. S Jayakumar, Straits of Malacca and Singapore: Meeting the Challenges Ahead, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law 2, pp 427- 432, 1998
  36. Sutarji Kasmin, Enforcing Ship-Based Marine Pollution for Cleaner Sea in The Strait Of Malacca, Environment Asia 3, Special Issue, pp 61-65, 2010
  37. The Geographer, Indonesia – Malaysia Continental Shelf Boundary, International Boundary Study Series A : Limits in the Seas No. 1, 1970
  38. The Geographer, Indonesia – Malaysia Territorial Sea Boundary, International Boundary Study Series A: Limits in the Seas No. 50, 1970
  39. Tommy H. Purwaka, Control of Marine Pollution in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore: Modalities for International Co-Operation, Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law 2, pp 452-463, 1998
  40. United Kingdom – French Republic Treaty of Canterbury on Concerning The Construction And Operation By Private Concessionaires Of A Channel Fixed Link, 12 February 1986
  41. United Kingdom – French Republic Treaty on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in the Area East of 30 Minutes West of the Greenwich Meridian, 28 June 1982
  42. Wan Siti Adibah Wan Dahalan, Zinatul A. Zainol, Jady@Zaidi Hassim, & Chia Huey Ting, E-Navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp 388-390, 2013
  43. Wan Siti Adibah Wan Dahalan, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol, Noor Inayah Yaa’kub & Noridayu Md Kassim, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) From Shipping Companies in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 197 – 208, 2012
  44. Y. S.Hii, A. T. Law, F. M. Yusoff & Ors, The Straits Of Malacca: Hydrological Parameters, Biochemical Oxygen Demand And Total Suspended Solids, Journal Of Sustainability Science And Management, Vol. 1(1), pp 1-14, 2006
  45. MPP-EAS, Marine Pollution Management In The Malacca/Singapore Straits: Lessons Learned, GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution in the East Asian Seas, 1998

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.