Analysis of Wastewater Quality at the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Cilacap Regency

Nita Sofia Rakhmawati; Hasri Widuri; Tessa Sukma Febrianti

doi:10.14710/jphtcr.v8i2.28045

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v8i2.28045

Analysis of Wastewater Quality at the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Cilacap Regency

Nita Sofia Rakhmawati , Hasri Widuri, Tessa Sukma Febrianti

Occupational Safety and Health Study Program, STT Migas Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 21 Jun 2025; Published: 31 Aug 2025.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPHTCR28045,
    author = {Nita Rakhmawati and Hasri Widuri and Tessa Febrianti},
    title = {Analysis of Wastewater Quality at the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Cilacap Regency},
    journal = {Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region},
  volume = {8},
    number = {2},
    year = {2025},
    keywords = {Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), medical wastewater, physical parameters, chemical parameters.},
    abstract = {   Introduction :   Increasing volume of medical wastewater presents a significant challenge for environmental management, particularly in healthcare facilities such as the Blood Donor Unit (UDD) of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). Inadequate wastewater treatment can lead to environmental pollution and pose serious public health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at the UDD PMI in the Cilacap Regency by analyzing key physical, chemical, and biological parameters.     Methods :   This study employed a descriptive, quantitative approach. Wastewater samples were collected from the WWTP outlet using random sampling. The samples were placed in sterile bottles, stored at low temperatures, and analyzed at Cilacap Environmental Agency Laboratory using standardized methods for water and wastewater examination (APHA, 2017). The parameters tested included pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), oil and grease, ammonia, and total coliform.     Results :   The physical parameter (TSS: 18 mg/L) and chemical parameters (pH: 8.0; BOD: 7 mg/L; COD: 10 mg/L; oil and grease: 1.9 mg/L; ammonia: <0.01 mg/L) were all within acceptable regulatory limits. However, the biological parameter of total coliforms exceeded the permissible threshold (>24,000 MPN/100 mL), indicating possible fecal contamination. This result highlights a significant risk to both public health and the environment.     Conclusion :   Although WWTP are equipped with standard treatment units, their disinfection process is insufficient, posing the potential risk of waterborne disease transmission (e.g., cholera). Therefore, immediate improvements in disinfection systems are recommended.   },
   issn = {2597-4378},   pages = {130--141}  doi = {10.14710/jphtcr.v8i2.28045},
    url = {https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jphtr/article/view/28045}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Introduction: Increasing volume of medical wastewater presents a significant challenge for environmental management, particularly in healthcare facilities such as the Blood Donor Unit (UDD) of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). Inadequate wastewater treatment can lead to environmental pollution and pose serious public health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at the UDD PMI in the Cilacap Regency by analyzing key physical, chemical, and biological parameters.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive, quantitative approach. Wastewater samples were collected from the WWTP outlet using random sampling. The samples were placed in sterile bottles, stored at low temperatures, and analyzed at Cilacap Environmental Agency Laboratory using standardized methods for water and wastewater examination (APHA, 2017). The parameters tested included pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), oil and grease, ammonia, and total coliform.

Results: The physical parameter (TSS: 18 mg/L) and chemical parameters (pH: 8.0; BOD: 7 mg/L; COD: 10 mg/L; oil and grease: 1.9 mg/L; ammonia: <0.01 mg/L) were all within acceptable regulatory limits. However, the biological parameter of total coliforms exceeded the permissible threshold (>24,000 MPN/100 mL), indicating possible fecal contamination. This result highlights a significant risk to both public health and the environment.

Conclusion: Although WWTP are equipped with standard treatment units, their disinfection process is insufficient, posing the potential risk of waterborne disease transmission (e.g., cholera). Therefore, immediate improvements in disinfection systems are recommended.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), medical wastewater, physical parameters, chemical parameters.

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region

Recent articles

Affordability Assessment of Community Health Centre Services in Klaten Regency Quality of Service and Satisfaction Level of Non-National Health Insured Inpatients at K Referral Center Hospitals Analysis of Wastewater Quality at the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Cilacap Regency More recent articles

Nishmitha PS, Akhilghosh KA, Aiswriya VP, Ramesh A, Muthuchamy M, Muthukumar A. Understanding emerging contaminants in water and wastewater: A comprehensive review on detection, impacts, and solutions. J Hazard Mater Adv [Internet]. 2025;18(April):100755. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100755
Karianga JL. Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Upaya Penanganan Sampah Plastik Sebagai Salah Satu Sumber Pencemaran Lingkungan Laut. Lex Adm Univ Sam Ratulangi_Fakultas HukumUniversitas Sam Ratulangi_Fakultas Huk. 2025;12(5):1–10
Ramadhani A, Purnama V. Analisis Kadar Bod (Biological Oxygen Demand) Dan Cod (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Pada Air Sungai Batang Masumai Kabupaten Merangin Di Uptd Laboratorium Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Merangin. Indones J Chem Res. 2023;7(2):36–43
Ika Irmayanti N, Sigit Ardisty Sitogasa P, Novembrianto R, Wisnu Prabowo P. Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun (Studi Kasus Industri Pembekuan Ikan PT. X). J Ekol Masy dan Sains. 2023;4(1):20–6
Nanda MF, Maulanah S, Hidayah TN. Analisis Pentingnya Pengelolaan Limbah TerhadapKehidupan Sosial Bermasyarakat. Venus J Publ Rumpun Ilmu Tek. 2024;2(2)
Singh BJ, Chakraborty A, Sehgal R. A systematic review of industrial wastewater management: Evaluating challenges and enablers. J Environ Manage [Internet]. 2023;348(August):119230. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119230
Harahap MR, Amanda LD, Matondang AH. Analisis Kadar Cod (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Dan Tss (Total Suspended Solid) Pada Limbah Cair Dengan Menggunakan Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Amina. 2022;2(2):79–83
Fitri SM, Apriani I, Fitrianingsih Y. Analisis Kualitas Air Limbah Pasar Bahagia di Desa Kuala Dua, Kecamatan Sungai Raya. J Teknol Lingkung Lahan Basah. 2023;11(2):358
Kurniajati S, Yusiana MA, Lintang Utami I. Literatur Review: Analisis Kualitas Air Limbah Rumah Sakit Menggunakan Indikator Baku Mutu Bod, Cod, Tss Literature Review: Analysis of Hospital Wastewater Quality Using Quality Standards Bod, Cod, Tss Indicators. J Penelit Keperawatan. 2023;9(2):243–50
Savira SA, Zamrudy W. Analisis Tss, Bod, Cod, Dan Minyak Lemak Limbah Cair Pada Industri Susu. DISTILAT J Teknol Separasi. 2023;9(3):266–78
Afrianisa RD. Efisiensi Penurunan Nilai BOD, COD, dan TSS oleh Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah PT. Indah Kiat Pulp And Paper Tbk Tangerang Mill. INSOLOGI J Sains dan Teknol. 2022;1(3):313–20
Natsir MF, Amaludin, Liani AA, Fahsa AD. Analisis Kualitas BOD, COD, dan TSS Limbah Cair Domestik (Grey Water) Pada Rumah Tangga Di Kabupaten Maros 2021. J Nas Ilmu Kesehat. 2021;1(2):1–16
Ramadani R, Utami M, Samsunar S. Analisis Suhu, Derajat Keasaman (pH), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Biologycal Oxygen Demand (BOD) dalam Air Limbah Domestik di Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Sukoharjo. Indones J Chem Res. 2021;6(1):12–22
Maulana, Retnawaty SF. Analisis Perubahan Karakteristik Bod, Ph, Dan Suhu Pada Air Limbah Rumah Sakit Terhadap Perubahan Jumlah Dan Kapasitas Kegiatanny. J Pendidik Kaji Dan Implementasi. 2025;7(1):97–112
Astuti S, Saleh MI, Arita S, Legiran. Analysis of Water Pollution Levels in Batang Masumai River, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. Indones J Environ Manag Sustain. 2024;8(1):172–83
Napitupulu RT, Putra MHS. Pengaruh Bod, Cod Dan Do Terhadap Lingkungan Dalam Penentuan Kualitas Air Bersih Di Sungai Pesanggrahan. CIVeng J Tek Sipil dan Lingkung. 2024;5(2):79
Wicaksono AB, Novembrianto R. Analisis Hasil Pemantauan Kualitas Air Buangan Setelah Diolah di Unit Waste Water Treatment Komunal PT . X . Venus J Publ Rumpun Ilmu Tek. 2025;3(1):146–55
Hadrah, Riyanti A, Marhadi, Putri NK, Jannah I. Penyisihan Total Suspended Solid dan Minyak Lemak pada Air Limbah Rumah Makan Menggunakan Grease Trap dan Filter Biochar Tatal Karet. J Ilm Univ Batanghari Jambi. 2025;25(1):924–9
Oksita Asri Widyayanti, Mazidah Noer Inayah, Epsi Marwati, Martha Intan Nagari Pratiwi. Deteksi Kadar Amonia (NH3) pada Air Limbah Domestik di Rumah Makan Ajibarang Purwokerto. Corona J Ilmu Kesehat Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan dan Kebidanan. 2023;1(2):01–9
Isnikarita R, Zulfah N. Analisis Bakteri Total Coliform dan Escherichia Coli pada Air Bersih di Lingkungan Universitas Islam Indonesia Menggunakan Media Chromogenic Coliform Agar. J Serambi Eng. 2025;X(1):11651–5

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

In order to be accepted and published by Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region, the author (s) who submit a manuscript should complete the review process. Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region articles are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). Articles can be read, shared, and adapted even for commercial purposes under the following conditions:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

The copyright of received articles is assigned to the author (s). The author (s) have the right to the articles that have been published. The Editorial Team of Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region and the Author(s) strive to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the articles. Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions.
Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during submission, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.