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Proyek Strategis Nasional Bernama Food Estate: Ancaman Otonomi Petani dan Keragaman Sumber Pangan Lokal di Desa Umbu Mamijuk, Sumba Tengah

*Almonika Cindy Fatika Sari publons  -  Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

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Abstract

Kesejahteraan jasmani manusia bergantung pada apakah manusia memiliki pangan yang memadai untuk bebas dari kelaparan dan mendapatkan asupan gizi dan tenaga yang diperlukan bagi kelangsungan hidup yang bermartabat. Oleh karenanya, ketahanan pangan tidak hanya soal ketersediaan dan kecukupan pangan bagi bangsa, tetapi juga soal keterjangkauan dan keberlanjutan pangan itu sendiri. Dalam rangka mewujudkan ketahanan pangan nasional di tengah krisis pangan global, Presiden Joko Widodo meluncurkan Proyek Strategis Nasional bernama program Food Estate di beberapa lokasi, salah satunya Sumba Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa regulasi pengembangan food estate dan implementasinya di Sumba Tengah, serta bagaimana dampak kehadiran proyek tersebut. Penelitian hukum empiris ini dilakukan di Desa Umbu Mamijuk dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal guna mendapatkan pemahaman atas faktor-faktor non-hukum yang memengaruhi bekerjanya hukum itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proyek food estate berbasis korporasi petani dan skema public-private partnership dapat mengancam otonomi para petani. Proyek tersebut menempatkan korporasi agribisnis sebagai pemegang kemudi yang dapat memengaruhi arah kebijakan sesuai dengan nalar dan kepentingan sektor privat (pasar). Kemudian, mekanisasi pertanian yang padat modal dalam proyek food estate memperkuat ketergantungan petani pada pasar. Selain itu, pilihan komoditas pangan yang ditanam cenderung mengikuti permintaan pasar dan monokultur dapat mengancam keanekaragaman pangan lokal.

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Keywords: Kawasan Sentra Produksi Pangan; Proyek Strategis Nasional; Otonomi Petani; Pangan Lokal; Sumba Tengah

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