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Electrokinetic Remediation Treatment of Chromium (Cr) Concentration and Distribution in Soil from the PT Semen Baturaja Cement Factory Environment

*Achmad Chalid Afif Alfajrin  -  Department of Instrumentation and Automation Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Rahma Nur Komariah  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Hendra Prasetia  -  Research Center for Mining Technology, BRIN, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
Muhammad Akmal Halid  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Arien Aisyara  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Lamtongam Simatupang  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Hamzah Daffa Ghifari  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Angga Jati Widiatama  -  Department of Geology Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
La Ode Arham  -  Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Aqil Chandra Mukti  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Dina Widya Ningsih  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Muhammad Rizky Ferdinan  -  Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Received: 13 Dec 2024; Revised: 6 Jun 2025; Accepted: 29 Jun 2025; Available online: 31 Aug 2025; Published: 31 Aug 2025.

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Abstract

PT Semen Baturaja, a cement production company in South Sumatra, Indonesia, holds a Mining Business License of 103.4 hectares, of which 64.23% was reclaimed during 2017–2021. However, the revegetation success rate remains low at only 9%, potentially due to excessive soil chromium (Cr) accumulation. This study investigates the application of electrokinetic remediation to reduce Cr concentrations and improve soil conditions for revegetation. The experiment was conducted on soil samples collected from Disposal Area 4 of PT Semen Baturaja, using a laboratory-scale setup with copper electrodes powered by a 20 V direct current, applied continuously for 48 hours. The results showed that Cr ions tend to migrate toward the anode due to electromigration, while redox reactions influence Cr distribution over time. The highest treatment efficiency was observed in segment one (11.123%), and the lowest in segment three (1.651%). These findings demonstrate the potential of electrokinetic remediation as a viable method for enhancing revegetation in Cr-contaminated post-mining soils.

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Keywords: Chromium Contaminantion; Elektrokinetic Remediation; Heavy Metal Mobility; Post-mining Land Reclamation
Funding: Institut Teknologi Sumatera under contract 1539am/IT9.2.1/PT.01.03/2024

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