Konsentrasi Mikroplastik Pada Makroalga Di Zona Intertidal, Pulau Karimunjawa

Abstract

Distribution of microplastics is still difficult to predict then driven these particles could be found in various marine organisms including macroalgae. This study aimed to understand of shape, colors, size and polymer of microplastics especially found in macroalgae. Hydrogen peroxide (30% H₂O₂) was used as oxidation solvent and Zinc Chloride (ZnCL₂) was used as seperation solution. Statistic analysis was performed by Anova to determine comparison of microplastic between morphological. This result suggested that found five shapes of microplastics (fiber, fragment, film, foam and pellet) with 7 colors and transparant. Fiber was type found predominanly (>80%), while black, blue and red were predominant in colors (88,82%). This study, however, exhibited no interaction between morphological feature and location aspect that suggested microplastic contamination was not affected by both aspects. Micropalstic were categorized into three different sizes in range, these were >1000 µm (36%), 500-1000 µm (30%) and 100-500 µm (34%). Allegedly, local source of microplastic originated from net, plastic single used, rope, float and fishing equipment including paint boats. Polymer was identifed including PE, PP, PS and PA (all nylon). Therefore, macroalga have a potential to trap microplastic.

Distribusi mikroplastik di perairan sulit diprediksi sehingga partikel tersebut dapat ditemukan pada berbagai organisme laut termasuk makroalga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik mikroplastik berdasarkan jenis, warna, ukuran dan tipe polimer mikroplastik pada makroalga. Metode oxidation menggunakan larutan Hydrogen peroxide 30% (H₂O₂) dan Zinc Chloride (ZnCL₂) sebagai larutan densitas. Uji Anova untuk menentukan perbandingan kontaminasi mikroplastik berdasarkan fitur morfologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat lima jenis kontaminasi mikroplastik (fiber, fragment, film, foam dan pellet) dalam variasi 7 warna dan transparan pada makroalga. Fiber merupakan jenis mikroplastik paling banyak ditemukan dibandingkan jenis lainnya (>80%), sedangkan aspek warna didominasi oleh warna hitam, biru, dan merah (88,82%). Meskipun demikian, tidak terdapat interaksi fitur morfologi dan lokasi dalam menentukan kontaminasi mikroplastik pada makroalga. Terdapat tiga kategori ukuran mikroplastik yaitu >1000 µm (36%), 100-500 µm (34%) dan 500-1000 µm (30%). Sumber mikroplastik lokal diduga berasal dari fragmentasi jaring tambak, sampah plastik, pelampung dan peralatan tangkap ikan termasuk cat kapal. Jenis polimer yang teridentifikasi yaitu PP, PE, PS dan PA (nylon). Dengan demikian, makroalga sebagai agen hayati dalam menjebak mikroplastik di perairan.