DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2026.30353

Analisis Daya Tarik FDI pada Sektor Geothermal Indonesia melalui Paradigma OLI: Studi Referensi Kenya

Department of Social Science and Political Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jl. Pd. Labu Raya, Pd. Labu, Kec. Cilandak, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12450, Indonesia

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Abstract
Penelitian ini berangkat dari persoalan bahwa meskipun Indonesia memiliki potensi panas bumi terbesar di dunia, realisasi pemanfaatannya masih jauh dari optimal karena hambatan regulasi, risiko eksplorasi yang tinggi, serta lemahnya daya tarik investasi dibandingkan negara lain seperti Kenya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masuknya Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di sektor panas bumi Indonesia melalui analisis paradigma OLI, sekaligus menelaah bagaimana praktik sukses Kenya dapat menjadi acuan bagi reformasi kebijakan nasional. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka, data diperoleh dari laporan lembaga internasional, kebijakan pemerintah, literatur akademik, dan studi kasus pengembangan geothermal di Kenya. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki keunggulan lokasi yang kuat, namun belum mampu menciptakan struktur kelembagaan dan insentif investasi yang memadai, sehingga investor asing menghadapi biaya transaksi yang tinggi dan ketidakpastian proyek. Sebaliknya Kenya berhasil menurunkan risiko melalui pemisahan eksplorasi-produksi, skema PPP, serta regulasi yang stabil sehingga menarik investor seperti Ormat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa percepatan pengembangan geothermal Indonesia membutuhkan reformasi regulasi, penyederhanaan perizinan, dan skema mitigasi risiko yang lebih efektif agar FDI dapat masuk secara berkelanjutan.
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Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Paradigma OLI, Regulasi Investasi, Kenya

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