DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2023.17420

Peranan Gasifikasi Batubara Menjadi Dimetil Eter (DME) dalam Bauran Energi Baru dan Kontribusinya pada Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Indonesia

1Magister Energi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

2Departemen Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

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Abstract
Bauran energi primer di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh energi fosil, salah satunya batubara. Indonesia tercatat memiliki sumber daya batubara sebesar 110,07 Milyar Ton dan cadangan sebesar 36,28 Milyar Ton, yang didominasi oleh batubara kalori rendah dan sedang. Sekitar 72% dari produksi batubara dalam negeri dilakukan ekspor. Saat ini Pemerintah tengah mendorong pemanfaatan batubara untuk peningkatan nilai tambah (PNT) melalui gasifikasi batubara menjadi Dimetil Eter (DME). DME memiliki karakteristik yang serupa dengan Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) sebagai bahan bakar untuk memasak rumah tangga. Pemanfaatan batubara melalui gasifikasi batubara menjadi DME diharapkan mampu mengurangi impor LPG yang pada tahun 2021 mencapai 6,33 juta ton (75,84%). Melalui beberapa regulasi dan insentif yang telah disiapkan oleh Pemerintah, gasifikasi batubara diharapkan dapat menekan import LPG hingga 1,9 juta ton pada tahun 2050. Selain terciptanya ketahanan energi nasional, upaya ini juga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan bauran energi baru sebesar 3% pada tahun 2025 dan 1,9% pada tahun 2050, serta berkontribusi pada penurunan gas rumah kaca hingga 14,03% pada tahun 2025 dan 33,35% pada tahun 2050 pada pembakaran DME sebagai bahan bakar memasak rumah tangga. Untuk mengurangi timbulan emisi CO2, perlu dilakukan beberapa pengembangan dalam produksi DME diantaranya menggunakan biomassa sebagai bahan baku, penangkapan CO2, dan yang baru-baru ini dikembangkan adalah memanfaatkan CO2 yang ditangkap sebagai bahan baku untuk memproduksi DME.
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Keywords: gasifikasi batubara, DME, energi baru, gas rumah kaca

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