DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijpd.9.2.85-96

Climate Change Law Architecture Towards Golden Indonesia 2045: Lessons Learned from Kenya, Finland, and South Africa

Muhamad Pelengkahu  -  Energy and Environmental Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kota Surakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
*Ridwan Yoga Pratama orcid  -  Master of Economic Law Department, Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Indonesia
Received: 2 Aug 2024; Accepted: 8 Sep 2024; Published: 31 Oct 2024.
Editor(s): Surjono Surjono

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Abstract
Endowed with vast natural wealth, Indonesia simultaneously faces mounting environmental threats due to the accelerating climate crisis. The adverse effects of climate change, ecological degradation, and recurring natural disasters increasingly jeopardize human security and national development goals. Within the framework of Indonesia’s long-term vision to become a developed nation by 2045—popularly referred to as Golden Indonesia 2045—the urgency of establishing a Specific Climate Change Law becomes not only relevant but critical. This research explores the legal and policy discourse surrounding the formulation of a dedicated climate change law in Indonesia. Utilising a normative-doctrinal legal method, the study applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches. Secondary data and legal materials are analysed through qualitative techniques using deductive reasoning within a syllogistic framework. The findings underscore that the enactment of a Specific Climate Change Law is a strategic necessity to reinforce Indonesia’s legal capacity in confronting ecological and climatic disruptions. Such legislation is expected to strengthen institutional coordination across sectors, ensure coherence in policy formulation, and promote greater community participation in mitigation and adaptation efforts. Drawing lessons from the legislative experiences of Kenya, Finland, and South Africa, Indonesia can establish a climate law that integrates scientific, ethical, and cultural dimensions in its implementation. Moreover, this legal framework must prioritize protections for vulnerable populations—including coastal communities, subsistence farmers, and marginalized groups—who are disproportionately impacted by climate change. In doing so, the law would not only fulfill environmental objectives but also advance social justice and sustainable national development.
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Keywords: Golden Indonesia 2045; Climate Law; Ecological Crisis; Climate Justice

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