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Dekolorisasi Elektrokimia Congo Red menggunakan Elektroda Pb–PbO₂ dan Evaluasi Perubahan COD, Sulfat, Nitrat, dan Pb Terlarut

*Didik Setiyo Widodo orcid scopus  -  Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Chantika Elda Khaliqa  -  Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Khabibi Khabibi  -  Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Retno Ariadi Lusiana  -  Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright 2026 Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry

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Abstract

Congo red merupakan zat warna azo yang bersifat toksik, persisten, dan berpotensi karsinogenik sehingga memerlukan pengolahan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan perairan. Pengolahan secara elektrokimia, secara khusus disebut elektrodekolorisasi, menjadi alternatif yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan untuk degradasi dan mineralisasi senyawa organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja elektroda Pb–PbO₂ dalam proses elektrodekolorisasi dan mineralisasi larutan congo red menggunakan elektrolit pendukung NaCl. Penelitian dilakukan melalui karakterisasi elektroda menggunakan SEM-EDX, penentuan panjang gelombang maksimum dan kurva kalibrasi, serta optimasi kondisi operasi meliputi potensial aplikasi, pH, dan waktu elektrolisis. Efisiensi dekolorisasi dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis, sedangkan tingkat mineralisasi dievaluasi melalui perubahan kadar ion sulfat, ion nitrat, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), kadar logam Pb, serta identifikasi kualitatif CO₂. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum dicapai pada potensial 6 V, pH 7, dan waktu elektrolisis 120 menit dengan efisiensi dekolorisasi sebesar 95,25%. Proses ini disertai peningkatan kadar ion sulfat dari 17,42 menjadi 78,31 ppm dan ion nitrat dari 1,79 menjadi 6,44 ppm, serta penurunan COD sebesar 73,43% dari 86,74 menjadi 23,05 ppm, yang menunjukkan proses mineralisasi parsial, diperkuat oleh pembentukan endapan BaCO₃ pada uji lanjutan sebagai indikasi produk CO₂. Selain itu, kadar Pb terlarut menurun sebesar 42,42% dari 0,33 menjadi 0,19 ppm, yang mengindikasikan potensi lain elektrodekolorisasi larutan zat warna dalam menurunkan kandungan logam berat terlarut. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem elektrokimia Pb–PbO₂/NaCl efektif dalam menghilangkan warna dan mendorong mineralisasi congo red, serta berpotensi sebagai teknologi alternatif untuk pengolahan limbah zat warna.

Keywords: Congo red; elektrodekolorisasi; mineralisasi; elektroda Pb-PbO2

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