DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/genres.v3i1.17197

Review Artikel : Potensi Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai Antikanker

*Aisyah Muthiah Rahmawati  -  Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Khairul Anam  -  Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Widyandani Sasikirana  -  Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Received: 19 Jan 2023; Revised: 21 Mar 2023; Accepted: 3 Apr 2023; Available online: 14 Apr 2023; Published: 13 Apr 2023.
Open Access Copyright 2023 Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy

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Abstract

Pada tahun 2020, kanker menjadi penyebab kematian utama di dunia dan dalam kurung 5 tahun prevalensi kanker mengalami peningkatan di Indonesia. Kekurangan dari terapi kanker yaitu kurangnya selektif dalam mematikan sel kanker, sehingga dapat mematikan sel sehat maka dari itu pasien dapat merasakan efek samping yang cukup signifikan. Oleh karena itu, telah diteliti pencarian terapi alternatif dari daun pepaya. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah mengetahui potensi daun pepaya sebagai antikanker. Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasi 2010 – 2021 dari 2 database (Scopus dan PubMed) ditelaah dan didapatkan 38 artikel. Daun pepaya diketahui mengandung kandungan senyawa flavonoid, fenolat, steroid, alkaloid, terpenoid, fenolat, karotenoid, tannin, saponin, asam lemak, glikosida, glikosinalat, dan klorofil. Daun pepaya juga diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker terhadap kanker kulit, payudara, hepar, paru, pankreas, serviks, prostat, ovarium, mesothelioma, dan darah. Aktivitas antikanker daun pepaya dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik sel dan sampel uji. Pemilihan sel uji memengaruhi pengujian antiproliferasi, yaitu dengan doubling time yang singkat maka potensi antiproliferasi lebih tinggi. Kandungan senyawa pada daun pepaya memengaruhi aktivitas antikanker, dan perolehannya sangat berhubungan dengan pemilihan pelarut dan teknik ekstraksi yang tepat. Sistem penghantaran sampel dengan nanopartikel yang diformulasikan dengan daun pepaya juga membantu meningkatkan bioavaibilitas dari ekstrak daun pepaya, sehingga potensi antikanker meningkat.

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Keywords: Antikanker, Carica papaya, daun pepaya, skrining fitokimia

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