MENDEFINISIKAN KOTA INKLUSIF: ASAL-USUL, TEORI DAN INDIKATOR

*Arif Maftuhin  -  The State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga, Indonesia
Received: 27 Jan 2017; Published: 31 May 2017.
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Abstract

Tulisan ini menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang disebut kota inklusif dan indikatornya. Secara akademik, nyaris tidak ada studi tentang ‘kota inklusif’. Padahal, dalam praktik, sudah banyak daerah yang berusaha menjadi, atau mengklaim diri, sebagai “kota inklusif”. Studi dalam artikel ini bersifat literer karena bertujuan menemukan gagasan dan landasan teoretis yang dapat digunakan untuk mendefinisikan “kota inklusif.” Karena definisi saja belum cukup, tulisan juga akan mengkaji indikator kota inklusif. Berdasarkan kajian teoretis yang dilakukan, penulis berpendapat ada empat indikator kota inklusif: (i) adanya partisipasi difabel; (ii) adanya upaya pemenuhan hak-hak difabel; (iii) terjaminya aksesibilitas; dan (iv) adanya sikap inklusif warga kotanya.

Despite its recent popular use in Indonesia, “inclusive city” as an academic subject has been relatively neglected. The subject is interestingly absent from Indonesian academic journals in relevant studies. While the term has been globally used and discussed, it is used in a significantly different way. The objective of this paper is to propose a concept of “inclusive city” by defining its dimensions and indicators. It is a localized concept to promote a city that promotes, protects, and accommodates the rights of the disabled. To achieve that objective, this literary research seeks to find theoretical base to argue for inclusion of the disabled. Furthermore, it argues for four dimensions of an inclusive city: (i) a full participation of the disabled; (ii) a promotion of the rights of the disabled; (iii) accessibility; and (iv) inclusive attitude of the people. An elaboration of the indicators is provided afterward.

Keywords: Inclusive Cities, Social Exclusion, Inclusion, Persons with Disability, Indonesian Disabilty Act

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