skip to main content

Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Kepemilikan Jaminan Kesehatan Pekerja Sektor Informal di Indonesia

*Dodi Satriawan  -  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Agus Joko Pitoyo  -  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Sri Rum Giyarsih  -  Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract
Health investment has an important role in economic development and major capital in order to be able to do work. Lack of health insurance can be a poverty trap. This is the fundamental reason why health insurance receives the most attention in the SDG’s. Based on SAKERNAS data in 2017 the percentage of informal sector workers in Indonesia is still quite high, reaching 57.03 percent and of that number only 57.3 percent of informal sector workers have health insurance which means that almost half of the informal sector workers work without health insurance protection . This study aims to determine the factors that influence the ownership of health insurance for informal sector workers in Indonesia. The analysis was conducted inferentially using chi-square and binary logistic regression using SUSENAS data in March 2018. Based on the results of the analysis using chi-square obtained the results that all independent variables have a meaningful relationship with health insurance ownership so the analysis is continued with logistic regression. From the results of logistic regression it is found that the factors that influence the health insurance ownership of informal sector workers in Indonesia are the area of residence, marital status, status in the household, gender, age, NIK ownership, education level, business field, health complaints, status economics, and self-medication.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: informal sector; health insurance; universal health coverage

Article Metrics:

  1. Acharya, A., Vellakkal, S., Taylor, F., Masset, E., Satija, A., Burke, M., & Ebrahim, S. (2012). Impact of national health insurance for the poor and the informal sector in lowand middle-income countries: a systematic review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London
  2. Ahmed, S., Hoque, M. E., Sarker, A. R., Sultana, M., Islam, Z., Gazi, R., & Khan, J. A. M. (2016). Willingness-to-Pay for Community-Based Health Insurance among Informal Workers in Urban Bangladesh. PloS one, 11(20), 1-16
  3. Ahoobim, O., Altman, D., Garrett, L., Hausman, V., & Huang, Y. (2012). The New Global Health Agenda: Universal Health Coverage. New York: Council on Foreign Relations
  4. Amu, H., Dickson, K. S., Kumi-Kyereme, A., & Darteh, E. K. M. (2018). Understanding variations in health insurance coverage in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania: Evidence from demographic and health surveys. PLoS ONE, 13(8), 1-14
  5. Arza, C. (2012). Pension Reforms and Gender Equality in Latin America. Geneva: UN Research Institute for Social Development
  6. Asgary, A., Willis, K., Taghvaei, A. A., & Rafeian, M. (2004). Estimating rural house-holds’ willingness to pay for health insurance. European Journal of Health Economics, 5(3), 209-215
  7. Asian Development Bank. (2016). Social Protection for Informal Workers in Asia. Philippines: Asian Development Bank
  8. Ataguba, J., Ichoku, E. H., & Fonta, W. (2008). Estimating the willingness to pay for community healthcare insurance in rural Nigeria. SSRN Electronic Journal, 33(3), 317-342
  9. Atmawikarta, A. (2002). Investasi kesehatan untuk pembangunan ekonomi. Jakarta: BAPPENAS
  10. BPJS Kesehatan. (2017). Dampak Program JKN-KIS pada Perekonomian Indonesia. Jakarta: BPJS Kesehatan
  11. ______. (2019). Peserta Program JKN per 31 Agustus 2019. Jakarta: BPJS Kesehatan
  12. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2017. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik
  13. Boerma, T., Eozenou, P., Evans, D., Evans, T., Kieny, M. P., & Wagstaff, A. (2014). Monitoring Progress towards Universal Health Coverage at Country and Global Levels. PLoS Medicine, 11(9), 1-8
  14. Booth, A., & Carroll, N. (2005). The health status of indigenous and non indigenous Australian. Australia: Australian National University
  15. Brown, W., & Churchill, C. (2000). Insurance provision in low-income communities: Initial lessons from micro-insurance experiments for the poor. Microenterprise best practices. Bethesda (MD): Development Alternatives Inc
  16. Bui, T. T. Q., & Dao, H. C. (2016). The situation of the use of health insurance cards among informal employees and the factors district, Hanoi. Journal of Public Health, 6(42), 48-58
  17. Bundorf, M. K., & Pauly, M. V. (2006). Is health insurance affordable for the uninsured?. Journal of Health economics, 25(4), 650-673
  18. Carrin, G. (2003). Community-based Health Insurance Schemes in Developing Countries: Facts, Problems and Perspectives. Geneva: Department of Health Financing and Stewardship WHO
  19. Carrin, G., Waelkens, M. P., & Criel, B. (2005). Community‐based health insurance in developing countries: a study of its contribution to the performance of health financing systems. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10(8), 799-811
  20. Chauhan, R. C., Manikandan, Purty, A. J., Samuel, A., & Sin, Z. (2015). Determinants of health care seeking behavior among rural population of a coastal area in South India. International Journal of Scientific Reports, 1(2), 118-122
  21. Chen, M., Lund, F., Chatterjee, M., Thomas, S., Tulaphan, P., & Tangworamongkon, C. (2015). Universal health care for informal workers: Lessons from India & Thailand for overcoming barriers, addressing gender dimensions. Philippines: Asian Development Bank
  22. Chung, W. (2004). Income inequality and health: Evidence from Indonesia. Makalah Dipresentasikan dalam Seminar di Center for Labour Market Research. Australia: The University of Western
  23. Departemen Kesehatan. (2008). Kajian kondisi kerja pada usaha kecil menengah dan dampaknya pada kesehatan kerja. Jakarta: Dirjen Bina Kesehatan Masyarakat
  24. Dror, D. M., Hossain, S. S., Majumdar, A., Koehlmoos, T. L. P., John, D., & Panda, P. K. (2016). What factors affect voluntary uptake of community-based health insurance schemes in low-and middle-income countries? a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 11(8), 1-31
  25. Edoh, D., & Brenya, A. (2004). A community-based feasibility study of National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana. African journal of health sciences, 9(1), 41-50
  26. Fang, P., Han, S., Zhao, L., Fang, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zou, X. (2014). What limits the utilization of health services among the rural population in the Dabie Mountains-Evidence from Hubei province, China?. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 1-7
  27. Gerungan. (2004). Psikologi Sosial. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama
  28. Ginneken, W. (2002). Social Security for the Informal Sector: A New Challenge for the Developing Countries. International Social Security Review, 52(1), 49-69
  29. Grossman, M. (1972). On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health. The Journal of Political Economy, 80(2), 223-255
  30. Handajani, A., Roosihermiatie, B., & Maryani, H. (2010). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pola Kematian Pada Penyakit Degeneratif di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 13(1), 42–53
  31. Harmon, C., & Nolan, B. (2001). Health insurance and health service utilization in Ireland. Health Economics, 10(1), 135-145
  32. Holmes, R., & Scott, L. (2016). Extending social insurance to informal workers – A gender analysis. London: ODI
  33. Idris, H. (2016). Analisis Kebijakan Publik Jaminan Kesehatan Sektor Informal (Disertasi). Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada
  34. International Labour Organization. (2013). Domestic workers across the world: Global and regional statistics and the extent of legal protection. Geneva: ILO
  35. Intiasari, A. D., Trisnantoro, L., & Hendrartini, J. (2015). Potret Masyarakat Sektor Informal di Indonesia: Mengenal Determinan Probabilitas Keikutsertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Perluasan Kepesertaan Pada Skema Non PBI Mandiri. Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia, 4(4), 126–132
  36. Kementrian Kesehatan. (2019). Buku Pegangan Sosialisasi Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dalam Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan
  37. Kirigia, J. M., Sambo, L. G., Nganda, B., Mwabu, G. M., Chatora, R., & Mwase, T. (2005). Determinants of health insurance ownership among South African women. BMC Health Service Research. Vol.5, No.17, pp.2-10
  38. Kirui, E. (2012). Determinants of Ownership of Health Insurance Among Employees Working in The Informal and Formal Sectors in Kenya Case Study Rift Valley Provinces (Tesis). Nairobi: University of Nairobi
  39. Kusi, A., Enemark, U., Hansen, K. S., & Asante, F. A. (2015). Refusal to enrol in Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme: is affordability the problem?. International journal for equity in health, 14(1), 1-14
  40. Kwadwo, W., Asenso-Okyere, Osei-Akoto, I., Anum, A., & Appiah, E. N. (1997). Willingness to pay for health insurance in a developing economy: A pilot study of the informal sector of Ghana using contingent valuation. Health Policy and Planning, 42(3), 223–237
  41. Liu, T. C., & Chen, C. S. (2002). An analysis of private health insurance purchasing decisions with national health insurance in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine, 55(5), 755-774
  42. Madya, S. D. O., & Nurwahyuni, A. (2018). Determinan Sosial Ekonomi Kepemilikan Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja pada Tenaga Kerja Informal di Indonesia: Analisis Data SUSENAS 2017. Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia, 3(2), 76-83
  43. Marquis, M. S., & Holmer, M. R. (1996). Alternative models of choice under uncertainty and demand for health insurance. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 77(3), 421-427
  44. Marten, R., McIntyre, D., Travassos, C., & Shishkin, S. (2014). An Assessment of Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). Health Policy Report, 384(1), 64-71
  45. Medyati, N., Ridwan, A., Russeng, S., & Stang. (2018). Karakteristik dan Prevalensi Resiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular Pada Tukang Masak Warung Makan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tamalanrea. Jurnal Kesehatan, 11(1), 30-38
  46. Mulenga, J. N., Bwalya, B. B., & Gebremeskel, Y. (2017). Demographic and socio-economic determinants of women’s health insurance coverage in Zambia. Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health, 14(1), 1-9
  47. Nosratnejad, S., Rashidian, A., Mehrara, M., Sari, A. A., Mahdavi, G., & Moeini, M. (2014). Willingness To Pay for Social Health Insurance in Iran. Global Journal of Health Science, 6(5), 154–163
  48. Pandey, M. K. (2008). Association between marital status & health: Examining the role of age & gender. Munich Personal RePEc Archive Studi. 1-18
  49. Pitoyo, A. J. (2007). Dinamika Sektor Informal di Indonesia. Prospek, Perkembangan, dan Kedudukannya dalam Sistem Ekonomi Makro. Jurnal Populasi, 18(2), 129-146
  50. Rhine, S. L. W. (1998). The effect of employment status on private health insurance coverage: 1997 and 1987. Health Economics, 7(1), 63-79
  51. Schieber, G., Cashin, C., Saleh, K., & Lavado, R. (2012). Health financing in Ghana. USA: World Bank Publications
  52. Schneider, P. (2004). Why should the poor insure? Theories of decision-making in the context of health insurance. Health Policy and Planning, 19(6), 349-355
  53. Suharto, E. (2009). Kemiskinan dan Perlindungan Sosial di Indonesia: Menggagas Model Jaminan Sosial Universal Bidang Kesehatan. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabeta
  54. Tana, L. (2015). Faktor Yang Berperan Pada Lama Rawat Inap Akibat Cedera Pada Kelompok Pekerja Usia Produktif di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 19(1), 75-82
  55. Thabrany, H. (2008). Strategi Pendanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Indonesia dalam SJSN. Makalah Dipresentasikan dalam Diskusi RPJMN. Jakarta: BAPPENAS
  56. ______. (2011). Asuransi Kesehatan Nasional. Jakarta: Pamjaki
  57. Triyono, & Soewartoyo. (2013). Kendala Kepesertaan Program Jaminan Sosial terhadap Pekerja di Sektor Informal: Studi Kasus di Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS, 3(3), 26-41
  58. Trujillo, A. J. (2003). Medical care use and selection in social health insurance with an equalization fund: evidence from Colombia. Health Economics, 12(3), 231-246
  59. Tubeuf, S., Jusot, F., Devaux, M., & Sermet, C. (2008). Social heterogenity in self reported health status and measurement of inequalities in Health. Paris: Institut de recherche et documentation en économie de la santé
  60. WHO. (2015) Tracking Universal Health Coverage. First Global Monitoring Report. Geneva: WHO
  61. Wilson, C. M. & Oswald, A. J. (2005). How does marriage affect physical and psychological health? A survey of the longitudinal Evidence. Germany: Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor
  62. Yamamura, E. (2009). Differences of the effects of social capital on health status among resident: Evidence from Modern Japan. MPRA Paper. 1-13

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

slot gacor slot