DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ruang.12.1.1-16

Transformasi Wilayah Pesisir Kaliwungu Akibat Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Kendal

Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia


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Abstract

Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Kendal telah mendorong perubahan ruang pesisir Kecamatan Kaliwungu, terutama pada Desa Mororejo, Wonorejo, dan Krajankulon. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi wilayah pesisir akibat KEK Kendal dari aspek tutupan lahan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed-methods dengan Pre-Post Analysis pada periode 2014 dan 2024. Perubahan tutupan lahan dianalisis melalui overlay dan cross-tabulation berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis, sedangkan hubungan faktor sosial-ekonomi terhadap pendapatan masyarakat diuji menggunakan SEM-PLS terhadap 99 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah pesisir mengalami pergeseran dari kawasan agraris-tambak menuju kawasan industri dan peri-urban. Luas tambak berkurang 644,41 hektar atau 41,80%, pertanian berkurang 139,05 hektar atau 71,55%, sedangkan lahan terbangun meningkat 92,46 hektar atau 16,75%. Model SEM-PLS menjelaskan variasi pendapatan masyarakat sebesar R²=0,683, dengan tingkat pendidikan sebagai faktor paling dominan (koefisien 0,497, p<0,001), diikuti jenis pekerjaan (0,307, p<0,001). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa manfaat ekonomi KEK Kendal bergantung pada kemampuan masyarakat beradaptasi melalui pendidikan dan peralihan pekerjaan, sehingga pengembangan kawasan perlu disertai penguatan modal manusia dan pengendalian dampak lingkungan.

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Keywords: Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus; Transformasi wilayah pesisir; Tutupan lahan; Dampak sosial ekonomi; Perubahan penggunaan lahan; SEM-PLS; Pre-Post Analysis

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