Gambaran efikasi diri pasien lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di klinik RUMAT kota Semarang

*Wahyu Aprilia  -  Department of Nursing, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi diabetes melitus terus meningkat secara global, termasuk di Indonesia yang menduduki peringkat kelima dengan jumlah penderita tertinggi. Salah satu faktor penyebab utama adalah gaya hidup tidak sehat yang masih banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Manajemen diri yang baik sangat penting untuk mencegah komplikasi diabetes, dan efikasi diri memegang peran kunci dalam keberhasilan manajemen tersebut. Efikasi diri memengaruhi motivasi, ketekunan, serta perilaku perawatan seperti diet, aktivitas fisik, kontrol glikemik, pengobatan, dan perawatan kaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meliat gambaran efikasi diri pada pasien lansia dengan diabetes melitus di Klinik RUMAT Kota Semarang.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2025 di Klinik RUMAT Semarang dan RUMAT Salatiga. Sebanyak 9 pasien lansia dengan diabetes menjadi responden. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES) yang terdiri dari 20 item untuk mengukur efikasi diri dalam pengelolaan diabetes, meliputi kontrol glukosa darah, diet, aktivitas fisik, perawatan kaki, dan kepatuhan pengobatan.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar lansia (77,8%) memiliki efikasi diri tinggi dalam mengelola diabetes. Pada domain nutrisi serta berat badan & aktivitas fisik, masing-masing 66,7% responden memiliki efikasi diri tinggi. Pada domain pengobatan medis, 88,9% menunjukkan efikasi diri tinggi, dan pada domain kontrol gula darah serta pemeriksaan kaki, seluruh responden (100%) memiliki efikasi diri yang tinggi.

Simpulan: Mayoritas efikasi diri pasien lansia dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 terhadap manajemen diabetes di klinik perawatan luka (RUMAT) adalah efikasi diri tingkat tinggi.

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Keywords: Efikasi Diri, Lansia, Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
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