DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.9.2026.62-81

Evaluasi Implementasi Kebijakan Pengawasan Keamanan PSAT Impor terhadap Risiko Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Indonesia

*Achmad Ramadhani  -  Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Law, Development and Justice Review under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Abstract

Keamanan pangan segar asal tumbuhan (PSAT) impor menjadi isu strategis di Indonesia mengingat tingginya potensi kontaminasi logam berat yang berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi kebijakan pengawasan PSAT impor terhadap risiko kontaminasi logam berat menggunakan Model Grindle, yang mencakup dua dimensi utama: content of policy dan context of implementation. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara dengan otoritas pengawasan pangan (Barantan, BPOM, dan Bapanas), serta data sekunder dari regulasi nasional dan standar internasional seperti Codex Alimentarius dan EU Regulation 2023/915.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dimensi content of policy, kebijakan pengawasan telah memiliki dasar hukum kuat melalui Permentan No. 53/2018 dan Peraturan Bapanas No. 10/2024. Namun, masih terdapat ketidakharmonisan batas maksimum cemaran (BMC) antar lembaga dan belum terintegrasinya mekanisme traceability serta product recall dalam sistem digital pengawasan. Pada dimensi context of implementation, tantangan utama mencakup koordinasi antar-lembaga yang belum optimal, keterbatasan kapasitas laboratorium, serta belum terhubungnya sistem IQFAST dan INRASFF secara interoperabel. Integrasi kedua sistem tersebut dalam satu risk-based integrated food safety surveillance dinilai strategis untuk membangun sistem pengawasan pangan nasional yang end-to-end, berbasis bukti ilmiah, dan responsif terhadap ancaman kontaminasi logam berat. Pemanfaatan teknologi Quarantine-AI, big data analytics, dan machine learning berpotensi memperkuat ketepatan risk profiling serta mempercepat respon insiden keamanan pangan.

Kata kunci: kebijakan, keamanan pangan, Pangan Segar Asal Tumbuhan, logam berat, Model Grindle

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