The Association of Food Insecurity and Chronic Diarrhea on the Prevalence of Stunting in Children under 2-5 Years of Age

Agnia Marisa; Vivilia Niken Hastuti; Nina Resti; Galuh Hardaningsih; Martha Ardiaria; Denny Nugroho Sugianto; Diana Nur Afifah

doi:10.14710/jsp.2025.28638

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jsp.2025.28638

The Association of Food Insecurity and Chronic Diarrhea on the Prevalence of Stunting in Children under 2-5 Years of Age

Agnia Marisa - Department of Medicine Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro | Universitas Diponegoro |, Indonesia

Vivilia Niken Hastuti - Nutrition Study Program, Faculty of Food Technology and Health, Sahid University | Universitas Sahid |, Indonesia

Nina Resti

- Doctoral Study Program of Medical and Health Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro | Universitas Diponegoro |, Indonesia

Galuh Hardaningsih

- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro | Universitas Diponegoro |, Indonesia

Martha Ardiaria - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro | Universitas Diponegoro |, Indonesia

Denny Nugroho Sugianto

- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro | Universitas Diponegoro |, Indonesia

*Diana Nur Afifah

- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro | Universitas Diponegoro |, Indonesia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:

Abstract

Stunting is associated with food insecurity and diarrheal infections. Age under five years is a golden age, which is very important for optimizing growth and development in the future. This study aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and diarrhea and the prevalence of stunting in toddlers aged 2-5 years. Analytical observations using cross-sectional design. The study sample comprised 140 children aged 2-5 years. The sample was selected by simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed using univariate, chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, and multivariate tests. A total of 18.6% of the toddlers were stunted, 66 families were food insecure, and 31 toddlers had diarrhea. There was a relationship between chronic diarrhea and short nutritional status (p<0.001), and there was a significant relationship between food insecurity and the incidence of stunting (p=0.001). Results of the multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The final modal formula was log p (stunting) = -2.549 + 1.808 (parental income < minimum wage) + 6.098 (history of diarrhea) + 1.396 (food insecurity). Diarrhea is the dominant factor that most influences the incidence of stunting.

Fulltext View|Download

Funding: This study was supported by the LPPM Diponegoro University, Indonesia, as the donor of the International Publication Research (RPI) grant No. Contract: 569-50/UN7.D2/PP/V/2023.

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Original Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 5, No 1 (2025)

Recent articles

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics, a case study of Iwo Local Government, Nigeria Qualitative Assessment of Domestic Water Supply in the Major Districts of Karachi City for a Sustainable Urban Water Quality Management Self-Evaluation of the Faculty of Sciences of Engineering and Technology UABC According to UI Green Metric 2023 More recent articles

Verma P, Prasad JB. Stunting, wasting and underweight as indicators of under-nutrition in under five children from developing Countries: A systematic review. Diabetes& Metabolic Syndrome. 2021 Sep-Oct;15(5):102243
Manggala AK, Kenwa KWM, Kenwa MML, Sakti AAGDPJ, Sawitri AAS. Risk factors of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2018;58(5):205–212
Modern G, Sauli E, Mpolya E. Correlates of diarrhea and stunting among under-five children in Ruvuma, Tanzania; a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Scientific African. 2020 July;8:1-9
WHO. Stunting in a nutshell [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/19-11-2015-stunting-in-a-nutshell
WHO. Global nutrition targets 2025: Stunting policy brief (No. WHO/NMH/NHD/14.3). Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/149019/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.3_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Yazew T. Risk Factors of Stunting and Wasting among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Household Food Insecurity of Jima Geneti District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia: An Observational Study. Journal of Nutrion and Metabolism. 2022 Jan 13:3981417
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Penurunan Prevalensi Stunting tahun 2021 sebagai Modal Menuju Generasi Emas Indonesia 2045 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: https://kemkes.go.id/article/view/21122800001/penurunan-prevalensi-stunting-tahun-2021-sebagai-modal-menuju-generasi-emas-indonesia-2045.html
Apriluana G, Fikawati S. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita (0-59 Bulan) di Negara Berkembang dan Asia Tenggara. Media Litbangkes. 2018;Vol. 28(4):248-256
Moradi S, Mirzababaei A, Mohammadi H, Moosavian SP, Arab A, Jannat B, Mirzaei K. Food insecurity and the risk of undernutrition complications among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2019 June;62:52–60
WHO. Diarrhoeal disease [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018 [Internet]. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2018. p. 198. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jateng Tahun 2019. Dinas Kesehat Provinsi Jawa Tengah. 2019. p. 61
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Studi Status Gizi Indones [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p5fAfI53U0sStfaLDCTmbUmF92RDRhmS/view
Vilcins D, Sly PD, Jagals P. Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Child Stunting: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Annals of Global Health. 2018;84(4):551–562
BPS Kabupaten Demak. Kecamatan Sayung Dalam Angka 2021. Kec Sayung Dalam Angka. 2020;1–68
Ali A. Current Status of Malnutrition and Stunting in Pakistani Children : What Needs to Be Done ? Journal of the American College of Nutrion. 2021;40(2):180–192
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 36 Tahun 2021. Tentang Pengupahan. Available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/161909/pp-no-36-tahun-2021
Gallegos D, Eivers A, Sondergeld P, Pattinson C. Food Insecurity and Child Development: A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Aug;18(17):8990
Drysdale RE, Bob U, Moshabela M. Coping through a drought: the association between child nutritional status and household food insecurity in the district of iLembe, South Africa. Public Health Nutrion. 2020 May;24(5):1052–1065
Tickell KD, Pavlinac PB, John-Stewart GC, Denno DM, Richardson BA, Naulikha JM, Kirera RK, Swierczewski BE, Singa BO, Walson JL. Impact of childhood nutritional status on pathogen prevalence and severity of acute diarrhea. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2017 Nov;97(5):1337–1344
Hastuti VN, Afifah DN, Sugianto DN, Anjani G, Noer ER. Socio-demographics, dietary diversity score, and nutritional status of children aged 2–5 years: A cross-sectional study of Indonesian coastal areas. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2024;27:101599
Hastuti VN, Afifah DN, Sugianto DN, Anjani G, Noer ER. The sociodemographic factors on food insecurity among household living in disaster-prone area in Central Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia. 2024; 12(2): 136-141

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Journal of Sustainability Perspectives provides immediate open acess to its published articles, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. As such, everyone is free to read, download, print, copy, search, upload to a social network or institutional repository, crawl for indexing, link to the full text, transform, pass as data into software, or redistribute articles for any lawful purpose in any medium, without requiring prior permission from either the athor(s) or the journal, provided they give appropriate attribution to the original author(s) and the Journal of Sustainability Perspectives, link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.

Authors, themselves, are not beholden to these requirments, as they retain the copyright of articles, without restrictions, merely granting the journal a non-exclusive lincese to publish their article and identify itself as its original publisher. However, by submitting to the Journal of Sustainability Perspectives, authors recignize and assent to the rights of readers, in accordance with the CC BY-SA lincense.