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INVESTIGASI POLA SEBARAN SPASIAL DAN TINGKAT KERAWANAN KRIMINALITAS SEBELUM, SAAT, DAN SETELAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN
Abstract
Adanya pandemi COVID-19 diketahui berimplikasi terhadap keberlanjutan perkotaan. Salah satunya adalah tindak kriminalitas. Adanya kebijakan pembatasan kegiatan berpotensi menyebabkan pergeseran perilaku masyarakat termasuk dalam tindak kriminal. Akan tetapi, dampak tersebut dapat bervariasi tergantung kepada kondisi masyarakat dan karakteristik kawasan perkotaan itu sendiri. Sejauh ini, belum banyak yang mengaitkan antara fenomena kriminalitas terutama sebaran spasial dan tingkat kerawanannya dengan COVID-19, khususnya pada setiap periode COVID-19 yaitu pada masa sebelum, saat dan setelah COVID-19, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola sebaran kriminalitas serta tingkat kerawanan kriminalitas di Kota Balikpapan pada periode sebelum, saat dan setelah COVID-19. Pola kriminalitas ditentukan menggunakan Average Nearest Neighborhood (ANN), serta tingkat kerawanan kriminalitas ditentukan menggunakan K-Means Clustering. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kriminalitas di Kota Balikpapan pada semua periode menunjukkan pola yang mengelompok (Clustered). Kemudian kriminalitas pada periode sebelum dan setelah COVID-19 menunjukkan tingkat kerawanan yang sama, yaitu kerawanan tinggi di Kecamatan Balikpapan Kota dan Balikpapan Selatan, kerawanan sedang di Kecamatan Balikpapan Tengah dan Balikpapan Utara, kerawanan rendah di Kecamatan Balikpapan Barat dan Balikpapan Timur. Sedangkan periode saat COVID-19, Kecamatan Balikpapan Barat menunjukkan kerawanan sedang, dimana berbeda dengan kedua periode lainnya yang menunjukkan kerawanan rendah.
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References
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